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1. Latin American countries win independence 2. Napoleon gains and loses power 3. U.S. President Monroe warns Europe against interference in Americas 4. Britain defeats China in Opium War 5. Britain establishes direct rule in India 6. American Civil War embitters North and South 7. European powers plan colonization of Africa 8. Australian colonies gain self-government 9. Japan gains Taiwan after war with China 10. Success of Great Exhibition leads to more world fairs
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2. Napoleon gains and loses power In late 1799, French general Napoleon Bonaparte seized control of France's government. In time, he became emperor and created a strong, efficient central government. Under his leadership, France gained control of most of western Europe. But Napoleon's great ambition led him to make serious miscalculations, such as his disastrous campaign to conquer Russia. This mistake caused his downfall in 1815. |
