"Contents of 'Communications Hardware'",1,0.wpf,a,"1_1intro.wav"
In this section, you will learn about:
ò \IModem standards\i
ò \IModem protocols\i
ò \IInstalling a modem\i
ò \IConfiguring Windows 95 modem properties\i
#
"Introduction to communications hardware - (a)",2,nopic.tif,e,"vid1_1.avi"
#
"Introduction to communications hardware - (b)",3,0.wpf,g,0
There are many fascinating things available when you connect to the Internet. You are probably eager to get connected and start exploring, but first we have to start with some background information about modems.
The only requirements for accessing an online system are a computer, a phone line, a modem, and a communications (comms) program. This section explains how a modem works and what to look for when buying a modem. This section also covers how to install and configure a modem. The next section, \BCommunications Software\b, provides information about choosing and setting up a comms program.
#
"what is a modem?",4,0.wpf,g,0
A modem, (which is an acronym for MOdulator-DEModulator), is an electronic device used to convert (or modulate) different sounds and signals. To communicate using a modem, each computer requires a modem attached to it or installed inside it. The modem sending the data converts the computer's digital signal to an analog signal that can be transmitted along a standard telephone line. The receiving modem then converts the analog signal back to a digital signal, which the computer can understand.
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"modem standards - (a)",5,0.wpf,g,0
The standard for modems originated with the Hayes Smartmodem, giving rise to nearly all modems being classified as "Hayes-compatible." Not too many years ago, all modems were Hayes-compatible and able to "talk" to any other modem. Today, modems run much faster than the original Hayes modems and provide many more features.
In order for modems to talk to one another, they must use the same "language," called a protocol. Different protocols define the methods the modem uses to convert data and the speed at which data is transferred. As there are many modem manufacturers around, modem standards are monitored and recommended by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). (This was formerly called CCITT, which is a French acronym for ComitΘ Consultatif International TΘlΘgraphique et TΘlΘphonique.)
#
"modem standards - (b)",6,0.wpf,g,0
There are three categories of modem standards or protocols available. The three protocols cover modulation (transfer speed and signaling method), error correction, and data compression. Within each protocol group, there is more than one standard available. A modem must have a modulation protocol in order to do its job, and typically, today's modems support error correction and data compression as well.
Within each protocol category is one or more standards that they should adhere to. This section describes each of the protocols and the standards they support. Keep in mind that some manufacturers create their own "standards," which are referred to as proprietary protocols. If your modem supports only a proprietary protocol, it is not guaranteed to be able to talk to a modem from a different manufacturer.
#
"modulation protocols - (a)",7,0.wpf,g,0
A modulation protocol determines the actual method the modem uses to convert data signals, and the speed at which it can transfer that data. Most modems support more than one modulation protocol, which means they can talk with other modems that support one of those protocols. When talking about modem speed, it is calculated in "bits per second" (bps). A bit is the equivalent of one digital signal, and as digital signals are either ones or zeroes, a bit is either a one or a zero.
It takes eight bits to make up a single "byte," which is the equivalent of one character. An easy way to comprehend bits and bytes is to look at any digital display, such as a digital clock, and note how the numbers are created. Each number is made up of eight bits, but only some of the bits are turned on in order to display a number. An on bit is equal to a digital 1(one), and an off bit is equal to a digital 0 (zero). The number "1" is made up of two on bits and six off bits. The number "8" is made up of eight on bits.
#
"modulation protocols - (b)",8,0.wpf,g,0
The other term used when discussing modem speed is the "baud rate." A baud is a signal sent down the phone line. In the early days of modems, each bit sent was converted to a separate signal, which resulted in 300bps modems also being 300-baud modems.
These days, many bits are converted to a single analog signal. This means that a 14,400bps modem operates at 2,400-baud because it is able to squeeze six bits into each signal.
#
"Modulation Protocols - (c)",9,0.wpf,g,0
Almost every modem manufacturer supports at least one of the CCITT modulation standards, although some earlier modems within the United States used the Bell standard. A 2,400bps Hayes-compatible modem would typically support CCITT's V.22 (1,200 bps) and V.22\Ibis\i (2,400bps) standards. "Bis" comes from the French word meaning secondary, or as some people have suggested, "and-a-half."
A 9,600bps modem uses CCITT's V.32 (9,600bps and 4,800bps) standard, although there are some 9,600bps modems that use only proprietary protocols. A V.32\Ibis\i standard was developed in 1991 and is the standard protocol for a modem that operates at 14,400bps (or 14.4Kbps). Again, there are a few modems using a proprietary protocol, but they generally also support the CCITT standard. A V.32\Ibis\i modem is also able to support speeds of 9,600bps, 4,800bps, 1,200bps, and so on.
As high-speed modems developed, many manufacturers introduced 28,800bps modems using their own protocols. The protocol was dubbed as V.Fast or V.FC, which later became ratified by CCITT as V.34. There are many modems today that support the V.FC protocol, but not the CCITT V.34 protocol. Support for V.FC modems will eventually be phased out and it would be wise not to purchase one, unless it also supports V.34.
#
"Error Control Protocols",10,0.wpf,g,0
Nearly all of today's high-speed modems (from 9,600bps upwards) also support error control protocols. A modem without error control is subject to transmission errors due to line noise. This can cause "garbage" characters to appear on your screen intermittently. An error-correcting modem filters out line noise and automatically re-sends data that has been corrupted. In order for error-correction to operate, both modems must support the same error-correcting protocol.
There are currently only two standards for error control protocols: V.42 and MNP4. V.42 is CCITT's standard, while MNP4 is the Microcom Networking Protocol. A V.42 modem also supports MNP4, but MNP4 doesn't necessarily incorporate the V.42 standard.
#
"Data Compression Protocols",11,0.wpf,g,0
A modem that supports a data compression protocol has the ability to automatically "squeeze" data to a smaller size as it is being sent. How well the modem compresses data depends on the type of files that are being transferred. When sending standard text files, the modem is able to compress the data by 50%, thereby increasing the transfer speed (called throughput) by about 100%. In theory, a 9,600bps modem is able to achieve a throughput of 19,200bps. A 28,800bps modem can theoretically achieve throughput of 57,600bps.
However, in practical terms, this throughput is not usually reached. A data-compressing modem may not be able to compress a file that has already been compressed by software. The MNP protocol may try to compress a file that is already compressed but end up with a larger file, thus slowing down the file transfer. There are still advantages to using data compression, such as when sending or receiving text files, or when sending commands from a modem.
A modem is not able to support data compression unless it also supports error correction. However, it is possible to have an error-correcting modem that does not support data compression. There are two standards for data compression protocols: CCITT's V.42\Ibis\i, and Microcom Networking Protocol's MNP5. Although V.42 includes MNP4, V.42\Ibis\i does not include MNP5, however most modems do incorporate both standards.
#
"Buying a Modem",12,0.wpf,g,0
As well as determining which of the protocols your new modem should support, you also need to determine whether to purchase an internal or an external modem. Each has their advantages and disadvantages.
An external modem is housed in its own case which sits on your desk. It plugs into the serial port (also called a COM port) of your computer. One of your COM ports (COM1) is generally used for your mouse, so the modem is usually connected to COM2. External modems are generally easier to set up than an internal modem, and they are easy to move from one computer to another. Lights on the front panel of the modem can indicate activity, and modems can be reset by turning the power switch off and on again. Modems are known to frequently require resetting.
An internal modem is a circuit board that fits inside your computer, into one of the slots available. The main advantage of an internal modem is usually the price; they are approximately 10%û15% cheaper than external modems. Internal modems also come with their own COM port for connecting to a phone line. The disadvantages of an internal modem include the amount of work in setting it up; there are no modem lights to indicate activity; and if your modem requires resetting, the computer usually must be switched off and restarted. An internal modem is also more likely to create conflicts with other cards you may have in your computer, such as sound cards and network cards.
When you are ready to buy a modem, the recommendation is to buy an external V.34 modem with V.42 and V.42\Ibis\i protocols. In plain English, this is a 28,800bps modem that supports error correction and data compression. The cost of a modem with these features is around $US300.
#
"installing your new modem",13,0.wpf,g,0
So you're now armed with a new modem, a computer, and a phone line. It is time to unpack your modem, install it or connect it, and tell your computer software about the modem. Even if you have already installed your modem, you may want to read this section for hints on configuring Windows 95 to take advantage of all your modem's features.
Your modem needs to be connected to power, a phone line, and your computer. An internal modem uses your computer's power supply and does not require an extra cable. An external modem can simply be placed on the desk and plugged in to each component. For instructions on installing or connecting your modem, refer to the documentation that came with the modem.
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"Configuring windows 95 - (a)",14,0.wpf,g,0
In addition to manually installing your modem, you must configure Windows 95 so that it is aware of the modem's existence. You are only required to install and configure a modem once. Windows 95 includes support for more than a hundred different modem brands and models, and can automatically detect most of them.
To install any new hardware, Windows 95 uses a "Wizard." A Wizard is an automated series of dialog boxes that guides you step by step through the installation process. When installing a modem, the Install New Modem Wizard is used.
#
"Configuring Windows 95 - (b)",15,c01f004.bmp,c,0
Pictured here is the Install New Modem Wizard.
This wizard can be started in one of three ways:
ò By starting a Windows communications application (such as HyperTerminal), which causes Windows 95 to prompt you to install a modem.
ò By using the Add New Hardware option in Control Panel.
ò By using the Modems application in Control Panel.
When you have the Install New Modem Wizard open, click on the \INext\i button to begin the process.
#
"Configuring Windows 95 - (c)",16,22pg23.bmp,c,0
To install a modem using the Modems option in Control Panel, choose \BSettings\b from the \BStart\b menu, then choose \IControl Panel.\i
#
"Configuring Windows 95 - (d)",17,22pg24.bmp,c,0
Double-click the Modems icon to start the installation. If you do not have a modem already installed on your computer, the Install New Modem Wizard starts automatically and leads you through the steps for installing a modem.
#
"Configuring Windows 95 - (e)",18,22pg25.bmp,c,0
If you are installing a second modem, click the \IAdd\i button in the \BModems Properties\b dialog box to start the Install New Modem Wizard.
#
"Configuring Windows 95 - (f)",19,c01f004a.bmp,c,0
In most cases, you should let the Install New Modem Wizard detect the modem for you. If it cannot detect the exact manufacturer and model, the Wizard picks a standard configuration that is usually compatible. Your modem will still function at its maximum speed and according to its default settings, however some of its advanced features might be disabled, such as data compression and error correction.
Click on the \INext\i button to move to the next screen in the Wizard.
#
"Configuring Windows 95 - (g)",20,c01f005.bmp,c,0
Windows asks you to wait while it detects your modem. Upon completion, it informs you of the type of modem it detected. If this is the correct modem type, click the \INext\i button to continue.
If Windows did not detect your modem, you may want to select the modem type from a list. To do so, click the \IChange\i button.
#
"Configuring Windows 95 - (h)",21,c01f006.bmp,c,0
After you click the \IChange\i button, you can select your modem type from the dialog box displayed. Choose the manufacturer from the \IManufacturers\i list box, and the modem model from the \IModels\i list box. Click the \INext\i button to continue.
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"Configuring Windows 95 - (i)",22,22pg29.bmp,c,0
When you are satisfied with the modem selection, click the \INext\i button to continue.
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"Entering Your Dialing Location - (a)",23,c01f007.bmp,c,0
All Windows 95 applications that access the modem use "dialing properties" to enable quick and easy connections from different locations.
By entering your country and area code, the comms applications know when it is necessary to dial different area codes and country codes.
The first time you install a modem, you are asked to specify the default dialing location. Choose your country from the drop-down list in the first field, and enter your area code in the second field, (for example, enter an area code of "02" for Sydney).
At the bottom of the dialog box, choose whether your phone line uses tone or pulse dialing, then click the \INext\i button to continue.
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"Entering Your Dialing Location - (b)",24,c01f008.bmp,c,0
Once installation is complete, Windows informs you that you can make changes to the modem settings. Click the \IFinish\i button to close the Wizard.
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"Changing Modem Properties",25,22pg32.bmp,c,0
Your modem should now be listed in the \BModems Properties\b dialog box on the \IGeneral\i tab.
To verify or change the modem settings, select its name in the list and click the \IProperties\i button.
Click on the \IProperties\i button now to view the available settings.
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"General Properties - (a)",26,c01f010.bmp,c,0
The \IGeneral\i tab lets you select the port the modem is connected to. An external modem is usually connected to the second serial port (COM2).
If you are unsure which port your external modem uses, look at the back of your computer where the modem is plugged in. The connector may be labeled with its COM number.
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"General Properties - (b)",27,c01f010.bmp,c,0
If you have installed an internal modem, it comes with its own COM port which can usually be defined to represent any COM port (from 1 to 4) using a software setting. Check the manual that came with your modem to determine which ports you can use and how to configure them.
Once you have determined the port your modem is using, select it from the \IPort\i drop-down list on the \IGeneral\i tab.
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"General Properties - (c)",28,c01f010.bmp,c,0
The \ISpeaker volume\i section of the \IGeneral\i tab lets you select the volume for the modem's speaker. If you have trouble hearing your modem dialing, you may want to turn up the volume. If this option is grayed-out, the modem you are using does not have a separate speaker control.
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"General Properties - (d)",29,c01f010.bmp,c,0
The \IMaximum speed\i section of the \IGeneral\i tab is where you set the maximum speed of your modem.
This is actually the speed between your computer and your modem (also called the port speed) and is not always the same as the modem's advertised speed; taking into account data compression and other features, your modem's maximum speed is usually much higher.
In most cases, it is safe to set the port speed at four times the speed of your modem. For example, a 28,800bps modem with data compression has a maximum speed of 115,200bps. Similarly, a 9,600bps modem can achieve a maximum speed of 38,400bps.
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"General Properties - (e)",30,c01f010b.bmp,c,0
After choosing the modem's maximum speed, ensure that the \IOnly connect at this speed\i check box is un-checked. By turning off this option, the modem is capable of changing speeds to suit the modem it is dialing, and in this way allows your 28.8Kbps modem to connect to a 14.4Kbps modem.
Click on the \IConnection\i tab to display its options.
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"Connection Properties - (a)",31,c01f011b.bmp,c,0
The \IConnection\i tab is used to specify the parameters your modem uses to connect to another modem.
The \IData bits\i option in the \IConnection preferences\i section tells Windows how many bits should be used to make up each character when your modem sends it.
Typically, today's modems work with 8-bit characters, although a few commercial systems (such as CompuServe) still require the use of 7 bits.
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"Connection Properties - (b)",32,c01f011.bmp,c,0
Before modems were able to perform their own error correction, a parity bit was used to help detect characters that may have been corrupted during transmission. With today's modems, parity is generally unnecessary and is mostly disabled or set to \INone\i.
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"Connection Properties - (c)",33,c01f011.bmp,c,0
When asynchronous communications first appeared, start bits and stop bits were used to indicate to the receiving modem that a character had finished, or was about to start.
The original Teletype equipment used over 50 years ago required both a start and a stop bit (or two stop bits) to send its data. More recent Teletype equipment (only 30 years old) required 1.5 stop bits. In the last 20 years of communications, no device has required any more than one stop bit.
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"Connection Properties - (d)",34,c01f011.bmp,c,0
The above settings are quite often referred to in advertising and instruction manuals as 8,N,1 (8 data bits, No parity, 1 stop bit). The only other configuration you are likely to be required to use is a setting of 7,E,1 (7 data bits, Even parity, 1 stop bit).
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"Connection Properties - (e)",35,c01f011.bmp,c,0
The \IConnection\i tab also lets you specify the \ICall preferences\i. In most cases, you should enable the \IWait for dial tone before dialing\i option, which ensures that your modem will not attempt to make a call unless it has a dial tone available. If your modem has trouble detecting the dial tone (some international modems may), try disabling this option.
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"Connection Properties - (f)",36,c01f011.bmp,c,0
If there is no answer from the modem you are dialing, enabling the \ICancel the call if not connected\i option will cause the modem to disconnect after the number of seconds you specify. The default is 60 seconds.
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"Connection Properties - (g)",37,c01f011a.bmp,c,0
If you also check the \IDisconnect a call if idle for more than\i option, the modem will disconnect the call if there is no activity for the amount of time you specify. You may want to disable this option to avoid having a call disconnected inadvertently.
If you have connection problems, click on the \IAdvanced\i button on the \IConnection\i tab to check the modem settings.
Let's have a look at the contents of the \BAdvanced Connection Settings\b dialog box.
Click on the \IAdvanced\i button to view the settings.
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"Advanced Connection Settings",38,c01f012.bmp,c,0
The \BAdvanced Connection Settings\b dialog box is activated by clicking the \IAdvanced\i button on the \IConnection\i tab.
You will usually not be required to make changes to any of these settings, however, if you have connection problems, you may want to look at some of the features, as listed below.
This dialog box lets you set error control, flow control, and modulation, as well as keep a log of the modem's operations.
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"Use Error Control",39,c01f012.bmp,c,0
Check the \IUse error control\i option to speed up file transfers by eliminating errors that may be caused by noise on the telephone line.
This feature is available on most newer modems, although it may be disabled if you have installed a standard modem driver.
However, having this option enabled may cause your modem to have trouble connecting. If this occurs, clear the check box and try connecting again.
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"Required to Connect",40,c01f012.bmp,c,0
Check the \IRequired to connect\i option if you want your modem to connect with another modem only when error control can be enabled.
This can be useful in areas with very noisy phone lines. The modems will continue "negotiating" until they reach an acceptable speed that will produce a reliable transfer. In these cases, connecting at a slower speed can improve data throughput.
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"Compress Data",41,c01f012.bmp,c,0
Check the \ICompress data\i option to speed transmission time by compressing data between the modems.
This option is also available on most newer modems. If your modem has trouble connecting when this option is enabled, clear the check box and try connecting again.
Using data compression can sometimes reduce performance if the data being sent is already compressed by the application. (See \JData Compression Protocols\j for more details.)
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"Use Cellular Protocol",42,c01f012.bmp,c,0
The \IUse cellular protocol\i option is only available when the modem is connected over a cellular phone line. Check this option when you want your modem to use protocols specifically designed to reduce errors over cellular connections.
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"Use Flow Control",43,c01f012.bmp,c,0
Flow control allows your computer and your modem to synchronize data transmission. Check the \IUse flow control\i option when using an external modem to avoid loss of data.
Most newer modems, both internal and external, are capable of hardware flow control.
However, if the cable to your external modem does not use RTS and CTS wiring (refer to the modem's specifications), check the \ISoftware\i option instead.
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"Modulation Type",44,c01f012.bmp,c,0
Windows 95 provides different modulation settings for the different types of modems available. In Australia, you should choose the \IStandard\i modulation type.
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"Extra Settings",45,c01f012.bmp,c,0
The \IExtra settings\i option enables you to enter additional modem commands that Windows sends to the modem before dialing. This option should only be used by advanced users. Refer to your modem's manuals for the available settings you can enter, but do not include the "at" prefix in this field.
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"Record a Log File",46,c01f012.bmp,c,0
When the \IRecord a log file\i option is checked, Windows records commands and responses to and from the modem in a file called \Imodemlog.txt\i, which is placed in your \IWindows\i directory. If you are having problems with your modem, reading this file along with your modem's manual may help you solve any problems.
#
"Advanced Port Settings",47,c01f013.bmp,c,0
If you have an internal modem, you can click on the \IPort Settings\i button on the \IConnection\i tab to open the \BAdvanced Port Settings\b dialog box. This dialog box lets you specify how the modem's receive and transmit "buffers" are used to store the data being moved back and forth. If you experience problems, try decreasing the buffer settings for both of these fields.
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"Dialing Properties",48,22pg56.bmp,c,0
The \IDialing Properties\i button in the \BModems Properties\b dialog box activates the \BDialing Properties\b dialog box where you can specify different locations to dial from (such as home or work, or even a motel room). It also lets you have call waiting automatically turned off, and use "calling card" information when placing calls.
When you first install a modem, you specify a default location; the details you enter can be seen in the \BDialing Properties\b dialog box. To make changes to the default location, simply enter a new area code and choose the country from the drop-down list. To define a new location, click the \INew\i button in the \IWhere I am\i section.
Click on the \INew\i button to define a new dialing location.
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"Other Dialing Locations - (b)",50,22pg59.bmp,c,0
When you click on the \INew\i button, the \BCreate New Location\b dialog box opens.
Enter a descriptive name for the location, such as "Home," "Work," or "School" in the \BCreat New Location\b dialog box and click \IOK\i. You need to choose the area code and the country code for each location in the \BDialing Properties\b dialog box.
#
"Other Dialing Locations - (c)",51,22pg56.bmp,c,0
If your location requires you to dial a number to access an outside line for placing local or long distance calls, enter the relevant number or numbers in the \Ifor local\i and \Ifor long distance\i text boxes in the \IHow I dial from this location\i section of the \BDialing Properties\b dialog box.
#
"Using Calling Cards - (a)",52,22pg56.bmp,c,0
Rather than trying to remember the exact dialing sequence for local, STD, and international calls from your location, you can use a "calling card."
This lets you specify a sequence that is used for the selected location. For example, for STD calls always dial "0" followed by the area code and local number; for international calls dial "0011" followed by the country code, area code, and local number.
To set calling card options, click on the \IDial using Calling Card\i check box in the \BDialing Properties\b dialog box. This opens the \BChange Calling Card\b dialog box.
#
"Creating a Calling Card - (a)",53,22pg63.bmp,c,0
Create a new calling card for this location by clicking the \INew\i button in the \BChange Calling Card\b dialog box.
#
"Creating a Calling Card - (b)",54,22pg64.bmp,c,0
Enter a descriptive name in the \BCreate New Calling Card\b dialog box and click the \IOK\i button.
Click on \IOK\i now to accept this new calling card name.
#
"Creating a Calling Card - (c)",55,22pg65a.bmp,c,0
To set the dialing sequence for this calling card, click the \IAdvanced\i button.
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"Creating a Calling Card - (d)",56,22pg66.bmp,c,0
Enter the appropriate settings in the \BDialing Rules\b dialog box, then click the \IClose\i button.
For further information, click the question-mark button at the top of the dialog box, then click once on any advanced field. This will list the relevant codes you can use for defining a dialing sequence.
Click the \IClose\i button now to accept these settings.
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"Creating a Calling Card - (e)",57,22pg65.bmp,c,0
When you have finished creating your calling card, click the \IOK\i button to close the \BChange Calling Card\b dialog box.
#
"Disabling Call Waiting - (a)",58,22pg56.bmp,c,0
If you have call waiting available for the telephone line you are using for your modem, it is very important that it is disabled whenever you are using your modem.
To inform Windows that call waiting is enabled, check the \IThis location has call waiting\i check box.
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"Disabling Call Waiting - (b)",59,22pg56.bmp,c,0
In Australia, you can temporarily disable call waiting by dialing (or having your modem dial) *43#. To have call waiting automatically disabled each time you use your modem, type the sequence \B*43#\b, in the disable call waiting combo box (the comma indicates a two-second pause).
To enable call waiting again, dial #43#.
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"Disabling Call Waiting - (c)",60,22pg56.bmp,c,0
Click the \IOK\i button to close the \BDialing Properties\b dialog box and save the changes to your dialing properties.
#
!,!,!,!,!
2#
39,0
"Contents of 'Communications Software'",1,0.wpf,a,"1_2intro.wav"
In this section, you will learn how to:
ò \IUse the Windows 95 communications program, HyperTerminal\i
ò \IUse HyperTerminal to connect to a bulletin board\i
#
"Introduction to Communications Software - (a)",2,0,e,"1_2vid.avi"
#
"Introduction to communications software - (b)",3,0.wpf,g,0
After working through the previous section, you should now have a modem installed and working. In this section, we will use the Windows 95 HyperTerminal application to connect to a bulletin board. In this way you can verify the modem settings you have chosen and ensure your modem is operating correctly.
The range of communications software available today is immense and some of the most popular packages are actually free. You will probably have received one such communications program with your modem (such as QModem, BitFax Professional, or ProComm). There are also communications programs available for every computing platform. In short, there are hundreds to choose from, but this is not as daunting as it sounds.
Every communications program performs essentially the same job: it controls the operation of your modem. Each program uses the same types of modem commands regardless of how the software interface appears on the screen. In each program, the commands may be found on different menus or in different dialog boxes. However, irrespective of which communications program you choose to use, setting up the program to recognize and work correctly with your modem is the first step.
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"Using HyperTerminal - (a)",4,23pg05.bmp,c,0
Included in the Windows 95 package is a communications program called HyperTerminal (or HyperTerm). One of the advantages of using this package is that the hard work has already been done. HyperTerminal uses the modem settings you specified in the \BModem Properties\b dialog box, and doesn't require you to enter the same information again.
HyperTerminal can be started from the Windows 95 \BStart\b menu. Choose \BStart\b\\\BPrograms\b\\\BAccessories\b\\\IHyperTerminal\i.
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"Using HyperTerminal - (b)",5,23pg06.bmp,c,0
When you start HyperTerminal, a folder opens showing the connections (bulletin boards and so on) that were automatically installed for you. These services are primarily for use in the United States.
When you want to dial a service that isn't listed, you need to define the properties of the service, such as its phone number and name. After doing so, a new icon is created in the \IHyperTerminal\i folder. Any time you want to connect to that service in the future, you only need to double-click its icon.
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"Creating a BBS Connection - (a)",6,23pg08.bmp,c,0
To create a new connection to a bulletin board, double-click the HyperTerm icon.
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"Creating a BBS Connection - (b)",7,c01f018.bmp,c,0
The \BConnection Description\b dialog box asks you to enter the name of the service you are dialing and to choose an icon for it. Type a descriptive name for the service in the \IName\i text box, then select an icon from the \IIcon\i list box. Click the \IOK\i button now to accept the entry.
#
"Creating a BBS Connection - (c)",8,c01f019.bmp,c,0
You then need to enter the phone details for the service in the \BPhone Number\b dialog box. Select the country code from the \ICountry code\i drop-down list and type the area code of the service in the \IArea code\i text box.
Type the phone number in the \IPhone number\i text box and, if necessary, choose which modem you will use to dial the service from the \IConnect using\i drop-down list. Click on the \IOK\i button when you have entered the details.
Click the \IOK\i button now to accept these settings.
#
"Creating a BBS Connection - (d)",9,c01f020.bmp,c,0
After clicking the \IOK\i button, you can choose a different dialing location (if required), or just click the \IDial\i button in the \BConnect\b dialog box to connect to the service.
#
"Locating a Bulletin Board",10,0.wpf,g,0
Finding access to bulletin boards in Australia is not at all difficult. Many magazines are devoted to online services and publish contact details each month. The \IAustralian Personal Computer\i magazine also lists updates and new additions. However, the best way to get up-to-date details of available bulletin boards, is from a bulletin board!
One such bulletin board is the Australian BBS Registry in Penrith, New South Wales. After logging on to the system, you can download the latest BBS listing for your own state or for the entire country. The next section shows you how to contact and log in to the Australian BBS Registry.
#
"Contacting a Bulletin Board - (a)",11,23pg15.bmp,c,0
The phone number for the Australian BBS Registry is (047) 35-6789. Create a connection for this number as described in \JCreating a BBS Connection - (a)\j.
In the \BConnect\b dialog box, click the \IDial\i button to contact the bulletin board.
Details about the status of the connection are shown in the \BConnect\b dialog box and also in the status bar at the bottom of the HyperTerminal window.
#
"Contacting a Bulletin Board - (b)",12,23pg16.bmp,c,0
Once you have successfully connected to the bulletin board, you are asked to enter your full name. Simply type your name and press the Enter key. When prompted, enter your suburb and State and press Enter. When asked to verify the information, press the Y key (to indicate "yes"), then press Enter.
#
"Contacting a Bulletin Board - (c)",13,23pg17.bmp,c,0
You must now enter a password that can be used each time you log on to the bulletin board. Write down your password and obey the rules displayed on the screen. Type in your password and press Enter. To verify the password, you must enter it a second time.
#
"Contacting a Bulletin Board - (d)",14,23pg18.bmp,c,0
Information about the service and any new bulletins display on your screen. Simply press the Enter key to move through the screens.
#
"Contacting a Bulletin Board - (e)",15,23pg19.bmp,c,0
When asked to do so, indicate the type of monitor you have by pressing either the C or M key. Continue answering the questions as prompted.
#
"Contacting a Bulletin Board - (f)",16,23pg20.bmp,c,0
When prompted, enter the requested personal details, and press the Enter key after each one. Follow the onscreen instructions until you reach the Main Menu screen.
#
"Navigating the BBS",17,23pg21.bmp,c,0
Using the menus on this BBS (and many others like it) is easy. Just press the highlighted letter of the area you want to view or enter. Instructions on the screen usually tell you how to return to the previous menu or to the Main Menu. When you have finished with the call, you can press the L key to log off.
#
"Transferring Files",18,2,g,0
When using a modem, files can be "downloaded" to your computer using a file transfer protocol. A file transfer protocol is used to automatically detect and correct errors that may occur during a file transfer. There are several different protocols that can be used; the following page briefly describes each protocol.
#
"File Transfer Protocols",19,0.wpf,g,0
\BASCII\b
The ASCII protocol is designed to work only with ASCII text files (generally files ending with a \I.txt\i extension). However, you do not have to use this protocol when downloading a text file and you might achieve a better result using a different protocol.
\BXModem\b
Probably the most-used protocol around the world, this protocol uses a simple checksum method of error detection. It usually provides quite a reliable transfer, although it can be slower than other protocols.
\BYModem\b
YModem is essentially an overhauled version of XModem, allowing for larger packet transfers and thus a faster transfer speed. It is also capable of multiple file transfers in batch mode, whereas XModem is not.
\BYModem-G\b
A variant of YModem that is specifically designed to work with modems that have built-in error correction. This protocol provides a fast transfer but does not perform any error detection or correction of its own. Instead, it relies on the modem to perform all error controls.
\BZModem\b
This is generally the best protocol to use if it is available on the service you are calling. It is an efficient and reliable protocol which also provides emergency recovery. If a transfer is cancelled or interrupted for any reason, the transfer can be restarted at a later time, and ZModem will automatically continue from where it left off. This can be useful when, for example, you lose a connection after downloading 1.2 megabytes of a 1.4 megabyte file.
\BKermit\b
A protocol designed to work with many different types of computers and is usually limited to mainframes. You probably won't need to use Kermit unless you connect to a mainframe computer at a university or similar. It may be the only protocol supported by the service.
In general, you should try to use the ZModem protocol wherever possible. If ZModem is not supported by the service, use YModem-G. If you are connecting to a UNIX or mainframe computer, you may have to use XModem for file transfers.
#
"Downloading a BBS List - (a)",20,23pg21.bmp,c,0
Once you are familiar with file transfer protocols, the rest is easy. To locate the BBS listing for your State, press the B key (for \IBBS Lists\i) while the Main Menu is displayed. There is no need to press the Enter key when making choices from the menu.
#
"Downloading a BBS List - (b)",21,23pg31.bmp,c,0
From the next menu displayed, choose \IDownload BBS List files\i by pressing the D key.
#
"Downloading a BBS List - (c)",22,23pg32.bmp,c,0
This displays another menu allowing you to choose specific types of files. Press the 1 key (for \IBBS List files\i) to display the file list.
#
"Downloading a BBS List - (d)",23,23pg33.bmp,c,0
Scroll through the list by pressing the down arrow on your keyboard, until you see the heading \IFull format files\i. Position the insertion point on the file for your State and press the space bar to mark it for downloading. An asterisk (*) indicates that it is selected.
#
"Downloading a BBS List - (e)",24,23pg34.bmp,c,0
You can continue to select any other files to download using the same method. If you want to retrieve the BBS listing for the whole of Australia, select the file \Ibbsfall.lzh\i. The \I.lzh\i extension indicates that this file has been "archived," using a compression program. In order to decompress the file, you must have access to the LHA program that is used with \I.lzh\i files.
#
"Downloading the LHA Program - (a)",25,23pg34.bmp,c,0
While you are connected to this BBS, you may want to download the LHA program for decompressing \I.lzh\i files. To do so, press the Esc key to exit the current file list. Any selections you have made will remain selected.
#
"Downloading the LHA Program - (b)",26,23pg32.bmp,c,0
Press the 0 (zero) key to choose LHARC compression software.
#
"Downloading the LHA Program - (c)",27,23pg37.bmp,c,0
In the file list displayed, press the space bar to select the file called \Ilha.exe\i (it should be the first one in the list).
#
"Downloading your Files - (a)",28,23pg38.bmp,c,0
When you have finished selecting files, press the D key to start downloading them.
#
"Downloading your Files - (b)",29,23pg39.bmp,c,0
You will be asked if you want to log off when the download is complete. To do so, press the Y key. Otherwise, press the N key to continue browsing the BBS after the download.
#
"Downloading your Files - (c)",30,23pg40.bmp,c,0
The final step is to select the file transfer protocol you want to use. As ZModem is available, press the Z key. HyperTerminal then starts downloading all selected files to your computer. By default, they will be stored in your \IHyperTerminal\i folder.
#
"Downloading your Files - (d)",31,c01f029.bmp,c,0
A dialog box shows the status of the file transfer, indicating the file being downloaded, its size, and how long it will take to complete the download. When the download is complete, the dialog box closes and you will either be logged off the system (if you chose to do so), or returned to the file list.
#
"Downloading your Files - (e)",32,23pg42.bmp,c,0
When you are ready to log off the system, press the Esc key to return to the BBS Lists - Download menu and then press the L key to log off. Press the L key again to choose the \ILogoff immediately\i option.
#
"Downloading your Files - (f)",33,23pg43.bmp,c,0
You should hear the modem disconnect and see the word "Disconnected" displayed in the status bar of the HyperTerminal window.
#
"Expanding a File Using LHA - (a)",34,23pg44.bmp,c,0
If you have downloaded any compressed files that use the \I.lzh\i extension, you must expand them using the LHA program you also downloaded.
To use LHA, start the DOS prompt by choosing \BStart\b\\\BPrograms\b\\\IMS-DOS Prompt\i. The easiest way to run the program and ensure you enter the correct directory names is to drag the necessary components from the \IHyperTerminal\i folder into the MS-DOS Prompt window.
If the DOS prompt is not currently displayed in a window, press Alt+Enter.
\BNote:\b \IThe default setting for Windows 95 does not display file extensions. To change this setting, refer to your online help (subject: extensions).\i
#
"Expanding a File Using LHA - (b)",35,23pg45.bmp,c,0
To set the command line, first drag the Lha.exe icon from the \IHyperTerminal\i folder into the MS-DOS Prompt window. This automatically enters the program's path and filename at the DOS prompt.
#
"Expanding a File Using LHA - (c)",36,23pg46.bmp,c,0
Press the space bar, then the E key, then press the space bar again. Next, drag the \I.lzh\i file you want to expand from the \IHyperTerminal\i folder to the MS-DOS Prompt window. Similarly, the full path and filename is added to the command line. The DOS command line should look similar to the following:
C:\\PROGRA~1\\ACCESS~1\\HYPERT~1\\LHA.EXE e C:\\PROGRA~1\\ACCESS~1\\HYPERT~1\\BBSFALL.LZH
Now, press the Enter key to expand the file.
#
"Expanding a File Using LHA - (d)",37,23pg47.bmp,c,0
The program expands each of the text files that are stored in the archive and places them in your current directory. In this example, the current directory is \IC:\\WIN95.\i
#
"Expanding a File Using LHA - (e)",38,23pg48.bmp,c,0
You can now quit from DOS and return to Windows 95 by typing \Bexit\b, or clicking the close button.
You should move these files to a storage location on your computer; here we have moved the files to the \IHyperTerminal\i folder. You will notice there is an icon for each file you expanded.
#
"Expanding a File Using LHA - (f)",39,23pg49.bmp,c,0
To view or print any of the text files, open the \IHyperTerminal\i folder and double-click the icon for the text file. Notepad opens, (or if the file is too big Wordpad opens), and the document displays. To print the document, choose the \IPrint\i command from the program's \BFile\b menu.
You can use all the above procedures to connect to, navigate, and download files from any of the bulletin boards that you find in your listing.
#
!,!,!,!,!
3#
13,0
"Contents of 'Setting Up a Connection'",1,0.wpf,a,"1_3intro.wav"
In this section, you will learn about:
ò \IThe hardware requirements for connecting to the Internet\i
ò \IThe software requirements for connecting to the Internet\i
ò \IThe important features to look for in a service provider\i
ò \IThe advantages and disadvantages of shell and PPP systems\i
#
"Introduction to setting up a connection",2,0.wpf,g,0
The Internet is not just one machine or network server that everybody connects to. It is a multitude of networks all interconnected by way of special gateways that allow different kinds of networks to talk to each other. In order to access other computers on the Internet, it is necessary to become a user on a machine that is already connected to the Internet.
The easiest way for an individual to obtain access to the Internet is by dialing a public access provider. A provider usually operates a bulletin board type of system that contains its own information, chat sessions, public domain software, and other items common to a BBS. In addition to these BBS services, access to Internet services can also be provided.
#
"Hardware and Software Required",3,0.wpf,g,0
In order to connect to a provider, you must have a computer, a modem, a phone line, and a software program that can dial the other computers. Additionally, you need to set up an account with a service provider that has Internet access.
The type of computer you use is not an issue, as any type, size, and model can be connected to the Internet, as long as you can obtain the appropriate software. The following items are necessary, no matter what computer you have or which service provider you choose.
\BA modem connected to your computer (or installed in it):\b A modem is a device that allows your computer to talk to other computers across a standard telephone line. Different types of modems are available with varying speeds, costing upwards from approximately $US100. If you can afford one, purchase a Hayes-compatible modem with 28,800-baud. (See Section 1.1 \BCommunications Hardware\b for more details.)
\BA phone line:\b You can use your existing phone line if you don't mind tying it up while you're on the Internet. You may consider getting a separate line if you intend to use the modem for long periods. You will also need a phone wire from the modem to the phone socket (this is usually provided with your modem).
If your phone line has call waiting, which beeps when another call comes in, it can seriously confuse your modem. Therefore, you should turn off call waiting when using the modem. In Australia, dial #43# to turn off call waiting; dial *43# to turn it on again. (See Section 1.1 \BCommunications Hardware\b for details on how to have call waiting disabled automatically.)
\BCommunications software:\b The communications software directs your computer and modem to talk with another computer and modem, and controls the flow of data along the telephone line. You can access BBS systems and the like using the HyperTerminal program that is provided free with Windows 95 (called Terminal in earlier versions of Windows). Alternatively, you can use shareware or commercial software such as ProComm or Qmodem, or one that is provided with your modem.
For connecting your computer to the Internet, as discussed in the next section, your communications program should be capable of dial-up SLIP or PPP. This software is included with the Windows 95 package, or a shareware program can be downloaded from many bulletin boards or the Internet. You won't need another communications program as well as SLIP or PPP software.
\BAn account with a service provider:\b See Section 5.4 \BPublic Access Providers\b for a list of some available providers, along with information about costs, and how to set up an account.
#
"types of internet connections",4,0.wpf,g,0
Access to the Internet is limited by the type of connection your provider has with the Internet, and the type of connection you have with your provider. This in turn can limit what you can do on the Internet when connected to a provider. So, keep this in mind when looking for a local provider.
Essentially, providers fall into two categories, and quite often they offer both systems on a different fee-paying structure.
#
"Shell Systems",5,0.wpf,g,0
With a shell system, your computer acts as a terminal. It isn't really "on the Internet," instead, your provider's computer is on the Internet, and you are simply communicating with that computer, in the same way that you connected to a bulletin board in Section 1.2 \BCommunications Software\b.
The provider's computer runs Internet applications, such as Telnet and FTP. Your computer runs a terminal emulation program, such as HyperTerminal. Most shell systems provide you with either a text-based menu or a Unix command line, and sometimes both.
#
"PPP Systems",6,0.wpf,g,0
When using a PPP system, your computer actually becomes part of the Internet. While you are dialed-up to your provider, your computer is part of the Internet, with its own host name and address. Internet applications, such as Telnet and FTP, run on your own computer, and if you allow it, other users can telnet or ftp to your computer.
PPP is an acronym for Point-to-Point Protocol. Other protocols are SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol), and Compressed SLIP. Serial line is the terminology used for a phone-line connection. These three protocols use essentially the same technology and the same software, but package data differently across the phone line. The end result looks the same to the user. To avoid confusion, all PPP, SLIP, and CSLIP connections are referred to as PPP connections in this CD.
#
"The Internet Link",7,0.wpf,g,0
The provider that you dial-in to can be connected to the Internet with one of two types of links: Unix to Unix Copy Protocol (UUCP), or Internet Protocol (IP). With a UUCP connection, the host machine calls another machine on a regular basis to transfer news and e-mail. This is the slowest option and doesn't offer access to most Internet services. A number of BBSs in Australia use a UUCP link, where you can set up a only shell account.
With an IP link to the Internet, the host machine is permanently connected to the Internet, and very quick responses are possible. All Internet services are available with an IP link. Providers using an IP link offer either a shell account or a PPP connection, and sometimes both. Wherever possible, establishing a PPP connection with your provider is preferred, especially if you want to connect to the Internet using the Windows environment.
#
"Choosing Shell or PPP",8,0.wpf,g,0
\BAdvantages of Shell Systems:\b
ò It's easier to get started because there's less to set up on your computer.
ò All of the Internet applications are set up by the provider.
ò The connection itself usually costs slightly less per hour.
ò The provider's computer is permanently connected to the Internet, so you can arrange for your files and documents to be available to others.
ò Some shell systems provide other services in addition to Internet access, such as chats, information, and shareware programs.
\BDisadvantages of Shell Systems:\b
ò You can only use the applications that your provider has installed.
ò All applications run in text-only mode and no fancy graphics or mouse clicks can be used.
ò You can only run one application at a time.
ò You must stay online while you are doing Internet-related work, including reading and composing mail.
\BAdvantages of PPP Systems:\b
ò Applications can, and usually do, use graphics, a mouse, icons, and other Windows features. Rather than using Unix to compose mail, you can use your own Windows-based editor or word processor.
ò You can run any Internet application you like, and scores of them are available free directly from the Internet.
ò Multiple applications can run at the same time in different windows.
ò Files are transferred directly to and from your own hard drive, rather than to a directory on your provider's computer.
\BDisadvantages of PPP Systems:\b
ò It is harder to set up the software for PPP.
ò It is impractical to provide files and services to other users, because it is only a part-time connection.
ò The Windows applications are not always as powerful as the Unix equivalents.
#
"getting local access",9,0.wpf,g,0
Connecting to the Internet is simply a matter of dialing a provider. There are no actual charges for using the Internet, however, your provider will charge you a fee (see Section 5.4 \BPublic Access Providers\b), and there will be the cost of the telephone call to the provider. Wherever possible, find a provider with the same area code as your own so that call charges are kept to the cost of a local phone call. This is usually not a problem, unless you live in a remote area.
#
"choosing a provider - (a)",10,0.wpf,g,0
No matter which method of access you choose to connect to the Internet, you will need to look closely at your intended service provider before making a decision. Ultimately, you will be able to remain with one provider for a long time, so you won't have to learn a new interface or keep changing your e-mail address. Internet service providers differ widely in services and prices, so check out the options available.
\BServices:\b Find out what Internet services are available from the provider you are considering. Tools to look for include e-mail, Telnet, FTP, Usenet newsgroups, Gopher, World Wide Web (WWW), and Internet Relay Chat (IRC).
\BCost:\b A primary factor when choosing a provider is often the costs. These can start from $US49.95 a year. Some providers charge an hourly fee and/or by the amount of data you transfer. The best option is to find a provider who charges a once-off joining fee, and an annual fee for either unlimited access or, perhaps, five hours a day. Many of the providers using the APANA network offer this type of fee structure.
\BLocal Access:\b If your provider's system is not a local phone call away, you will have to pay long-distance charges, or look for a service that provides a 1-800 number. Bear in mind, though, to offset the cost of the 1-800 number, these providers will generally charge a higher access fee.
\BSupport:\b Finding a provider who also offers technical support can really help when you are first setting up to use the Internet. There are a number of providers around who don't offer any assistance whatsoever, and choosing a provider who gives you a voice-call number can make a big difference. Imagine trying to send an e-mail message asking for help about how to use e-mail!
#
"Information Required From Your Provider",11,13pg10a.bmp,c,0
Once you have located a provider and established an account with them, you will need to enter a lot of technical information before you can establish a PPP connection. Ask your service provider for the information listed in the table opposite before setting up Windows 95 Dial-Up Networking.
#
"Software Required for a Dial-up PPP Connection",12,0.wpf,g,0
Software capable of PPP connection uses a special network protocol called Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which you will come across frequently on the Internet. There are many types of TCP/IP software available, some are available free from the Internet. The TCP/IP software must also be capable of a dial-up connection.
Windows 95 comes equipped with its own software called Dial-Up Networking. This application is capable of using TCP/IP, and instructions for setting it up are detailed throughout this CD.
Other packages available include Trumpet Winsock, and Chameleon Sampler, which are available free from the Internet and many bulletin boards. Winsock stands for "Windows sockets," and is a method of getting Windows programs to work with PPP. All Winsock programs work in the same way regardless of which TCP/IP software you start with.
The next section explains how to install and configure the Windows 95 TCP/IP software, Dial-Up Networking.
#
"Windows on the Internet",13,0.wpf,g,0
Armed with dial-up TCP/IP software and Windows 95, you have access to many Windows-based programs so you can read e-mail, browse through newsgroups, and jump around the World Wide Web. Most Windows software is available free on the Internet, and later in this CD we show you how to obtain and use some of the most popular Windows-based Internet clients.
When using PPP to connect to your provider, your computer actually becomes a node on the Internet, that is, it becomes a host computer. The difference between your computer and your provider's computer is that your system is only "on the Internet" while you are connected to your provider.
#
!,!,!,!,!
4#
46,0
"Contents of 'Windows 95 Dial-Up Networking'",1,0.wpf,a,"1_4intro.wav"
In this section, you will learn how to:
ò \IInstall Windows 95 Dial-Up Networking\i
ò \IInstall and configure the TCP/IP protocol\i
ò \ICreate a new connection using Dial-Up Networking\i
In order to connect to the Internet using Dial-Up Networking, the following steps must be performed:
1. Get an Internet account with a service provider.
2. Set up and configure your modem.
3. Install Dial-Up Networking.
4. Install the TCP/IP protocol and "bind" it to the Dial-Up Networking adapter.
5. Configure TCP/IP information.
6. Create a Dial-Up Networking connection to your service provider.
7. Dial your Internet provider.
If you have worked your way through this CD from the beginning, you should already have your modem installed and configured, and obtained an account with an Internet service provider. This section guides you through the remaining steps (steps 3 to 7).
#
"Installing the Required Software",4,0.wpf,g,0
Depending on how you received your Windows 95 package, you may already have an Internet connection set up and enabled. If you purchased a new computer with Windows 95 already installed, your supplier may have included Internet access in the package and configured it appropriately for you.
Additionally, the "Internet Jumpstart Kit" is included with Microsoft Plus and pre-installed on many new computers. The kit contains an Internet Setup Wizard which offers users an easy way to connect to the Internet from within Windows 95, no matter which Internet access provider they choose. If you have purchased Microsoft Plus or have the Internet Jumpstart Kit pre-installed on your computer, refer to the \BInternet Setup Wizard\b section following.
If Internet access has already been configured for your computer, Dial-Up Networking is probably installed. To check if the program is available, double-click the My Computer icon on your desktop. If you don't see a Dial-Up Networking icon, follow the steps below to install it; if you do have Dial-Up Networking, skip to the section called \JInstalling the TCP/IP Protocol - (a)\j.
To open Control Panel choose \BStart\b\\\BSettings\b\\\IControl Panel\i.
Check the box for \IDial-Up Networking\i in the \BCommunications\b dialog box, then click the \IOK\i button. Click the \IOK\i button to proceed with installation of the program. You will be prompted to insert your Windows 95 disks or CD during the process.
You may be reminded that you must restart Windows when you have finished making changes. However, we will be making additional changes and it is not necessary to restart until then.
When you install Dial-Up Networking, Windows 95 automatically installs many of the necessary networking components. However, the TCP/IP protocol must be installed separately. The next section shows you how to install the protocol.
#
"Installing the TCP/IP Protocol - (a)",8,32pg09.bmp,c,0
To install the TCP/IP protocol, open Control Panel (choose \BStart\b\\\BSettings\b\\\IControl Panel\i), and double-click the Network icon.
#
"Installing the TCP/IP Protocol - (b)",9,32pg10.bmp,c,0
The components that were installed by Dial-Up Networking are listed in the \BNetwork\b dialog box on the \IConfiguration\i tab. If the TCP/IP protocol already appears in the list of installed components, you can skip to \JConfiguring the TCP/IP Protocol - (a)\j.
To install the protocol, click the \IAdd\i button.
#
"Installing the TCP/IP Protocol - (c)",10,c03f008.bmp,c,0
In the \BSelect Network Component Type\b dialog box, select the \IProtocol\i option, then click the \IAdd\i button.
#
"Installing the TCP/IP Protocol - (d)",11,c03f009.bmp,c,0
From the \IManufacturers\i list box in the \BSelect Network Protocol\b dialog box, choose \IMicrosoft\i. Choose the \ITCP/IP\i option from the \INetwork Protocols\i list box and click on the \IOK\i button.
Click on the \IOK\i button now to accept the selected protocol.
#
"Installing the TCP/IP Protocol - (e)",12,32pg13.bmp,c,0
In order to have the TCP/IP protocol working with Dial-Up Networking, it must be "bound" to the Dial-Up Adapter. By default, the TCP/IP protocol is automatically bound to existing network adapters.
To verify that Windows has automatically bound the TCP/IP protocol to the Dial-Up Adapter, select the \IDial-Up Adapter\i option in the list of components on the \IConfiguration\i tab of the \BNetwork\b dialog box, then click the \IProperties\i button.
#
"Installing the TCP/IP Protocol - (f)",13,32pg14.bmp,c,0
In the \BDial-Up Adapter Properties\b dialog box display the \IBindings\i tab and ensure that the \ITCP/IP\i check box is checked.
Click on the \IOK\i button to return to the \BNetwork\b dialog box.
#
"Configuring the TCP/IP Protocol - (a)",14,32pg15.bmp,c,0
To view the TCP/IP property sheet, select the \ITCP/IP\i protocol option on the \IConfiguration\i tab of the \BNetwork\b dialog box and click the \IProperties\i button.
#
"Configuring the TCP/IP Protocol - (b)",15,32pg16.bmp,c,0
The \IIP Address\i tab lets you specify your own Internet address. If you are using a direct network connection to the Internet or if your provider has assigned you a specific address, choose the \ISpecify an IP address\i radio button and enter it in the \IIP Address\i field. If your address is dynamically assigned (that is, a different one is assigned to you each time you connect), choose the \IObtain an IP address automatically\i radio button.
#
"Configuring the TCP/IP Protocol - (c)",16,c03f010.bmp,c,0
Choose the \IBindings\i tab to display information about the components that use the TCP/IP protocol. If \IFile and Printer Sharing\i is enabled, it is recommended that you now disable it for Internet connections. The remaining settings on this tab need not be changed.
#
"Configuring the TCP/IP Protocol - (d)",17,c03f012.bmp,c,0
Domain name server information is entered on the \IDNS Configuration\i tab. The information required for this property sheet should have been obtained from your provider. Choose the \IEnable DNS\i radio button, then enter your own host name in the \IHost\i text box. Enter your provider's domain name in the \IDomain\i text box.
The numeric address of your provider's domain name server should be entered in the \IDNS Server Search Order\i field.
Click the \IAdd\i button to add it to the list. If you have been given several DNS addresses, you can include up to three of them.
#
"Configuring the TCP/IP Protocol - (e)",18,32pg21.bmp,c,0
The remaining tabs and fields in the \BTCP/IP Properties\b dialog box should not need to be changed. However, if you use gateways or proxies to access the Internet from a local area network, you may need to add details in the appropriate areas.
For further information about each of the fields in the dialog box, click the question-mark button in the top right of the dialog box, then click the field you want Help information for.
#
"Configuring the TCP/IP Protocol - (f)",19,14pg19.bmp,c,0
When you have finished adding information for the TCP/IP properties, click \IOK\i to return to the \BNetwork\b dialog box.
Click \IOK\i to exit the \BNetwork\b dialog box.
#
"Configuring the TCP/IP Protocol - (g)",20,32pg23.bmp,c,0
You will be asked to restart your computer if you have made any changes. Click the \IYes\i button to restart your computer now.
You are now ready to create a new connection to the Internet. The next section shows you how to do this.
#
"Creating a New Connection - (a)",21,32pg24.bmp,c,0
The final step in getting ready for Internet access is to create a new connection in Dial-Up Networking. Start the program by choosing \BStart\b\\\BPrograms\b\\\BAccessories\b\\\IDial-Up Networking\i.
Alternatively, you can start the program by double-clicking the My Computer icon on your desktop, and then double-clicking the Dial-Up Networking icon.
Double-click the Dial-Up Networking icon now to open the program.
#
"Creating a New Connection - (b)",22,32pg25.bmp,c,0
If this is the first connection you are making, you are automatically prompted to add a new connection.
If not, double-click the Make New Connection icon to start the Make New Connection Wizard.
#
"Creating a New Connection - (c)",23,c03f015.bmp,c,0
You must first type a name for the new connection. Enter a descriptive name that identifies your service provider, then choose a modem the connection will use from the \ISelect a modem\i drop-down list.
Click the \INext\i button to continue to the connection setup.
#
"Creating a New Connection - (d)",24,32pg27.bmp,c,0
Type or select the area code from the \IArea code\i drop-down list box, and enter the phone number of your provider in the \ITelephone\i text box. Choose the country from the \ICountry code\i drop-down list by clicking on the down arrow, then press the A key to display countries that start with the letter "A."
Click \INext\i to move to the next step of the Wizard.
#
"Creating a New Connection - (e)",25,c03f017.bmp,c,0
The last dialog box of the Make New Connection Wizard informs you that you have successfully created a new connection.
Click the \IFinish\i button to add an icon for the new connection to your \IDial-Up Networking\i folder.
To change the telephone number and other details for a provider, click on the new icon with the right mouse button (right-click) and choose the \IProperties\i command from the shortcut menu.
Click on the \IProperties\i command now to open the dialog box.
In order to log on to your service provider, you will need to have a "terminal window" displayed after connecting. You can then enter your user name and password details as required by the provider.
To display a terminal window, click the \IConfigure\i button in the provider's properties dialog box.
You can then enter a different IP address or DNS address for each dial-up connection. If this is the only network connection you have, the default configuration settings you entered in the \BTCP/IP Properties\b dialog box should be adequate. Click the \IOK\i buttons until all dialog boxes are closed.
You are now ready to dial your provider and access the Internet. See Section 1.5 \BGetting Connected\b for details.
#
"Internet Setup Wizard - (a)",33,0.wpf,g,0
The Internet Jumpstart Kit, which is pre-installed on new machines that have Windows 95 installed, can be downloaded from many online services, and is also contained in the Microsoft Plus package. Part of the kit is the Internet Setup Wizard which guides you through setting up and installing a Dial-Up Networking connection. You will need the information you obtained from your provider described in Section 1.3 \BSetting up a Connection\b.
#
"Internet Setup Wizard - (b)",34,32pg34.bmp,c,0
The Internet Setup Wizard can be run at any time by selecting \BStart\b\\\BPrograms\b\\\BAccessories\b\\\BInternet Tools\b\\\IInternet Setup Wizard\i.
#
"Internet Setup Wizard - (c)",35,c03f023.bmp,c,0
The first dialog box of the Internet Setup Wizard is the Welcome screen. You can read the details of the requirements of using the Internet by clicking the \IHelp\i button. When finished, return to the dialog box and click the \INext\i button to proceed with the setup.
#
"Internet Setup Wizard - (d)",36,c03f024.bmp,c,0
You are then asked how you want to connect to the Internet. Presuming that you have an account with an Internet service provider as detailed in this section, choose the \II already have an account with a different service provider\i radio button and click the \INext\i button.
#
"internet setup wizard - (e)",37,0.wpf,g,0
If Microsoft Exchange is not already installed on your system, you will be asked here if you want to send and receive Internet mail using Microsoft Exchange. Make your selection and click the \INext\i button.
At this time it may be necessary for Microsoft Exchange to be installed. If required, insert the Windows 95 disks or CD when prompted to do so. Click the \INext\i button to continue the Wizard.
#
"Internet Setup Wizard - (f)",38,c03f026.bmp,c,0
In the next dialog box, type a descriptive name to identify your service provider in the \IName of Service Provider\i combo box and click the \INext\i button.
#
"Internet Setup Wizard - (g)",39,c03f027.bmp,c,0
You must then enter details in enter the \IArea code\i and \ITelephone number\i text boxes and choose the country from the \ICountry code\i drop-down list. To ensure that you can enter the necessary login information for your provider, check the \IBring up terminal window after dialing\i check box.
Click the \INext\i button to continue.
#
"Internet Setup Wizard - (h)",40,c03f028.bmp,c,0
Enter your user name and password details in the \IUser name\i and \IPassword\i text boxes as you registered them with your provider, then click the \INext\i button.
#
"Internet Setup Wizard - (i)",41,c03f029.bmp,c,0
In the next dialog box, choose whether your Internet (IP) address is assigned automatically by your service provider. If you have been given a permanent IP address, choose the \IAlways use the following\i option, and enter the IP address in the \IIP Address\i text box.
Click the \INext\i button to continue.
#
"Internet Setup Wizard - (j)",42,c03f030.bmp,c,0
In the next dialog box, enter the numeric address of your provider's domain name server in the \IDNS Server\i text box. If you have been given more than one address, enter the second one in the \IAlternate DNS Server\i text box.
Click the \INext\i button to continue.
#
"Internet Setup Wizard - (k)",43,c03f031.bmp,c,0
In the next dialog box, you can choose to use the Internet Mail protocol for sending and receiving mail using Microsoft Exchange. If you want to do so, check the \IUse Internet Mail\i check box and enter your e-mail address in the \IYour Email address\i text box.
You also need to enter the address of your Internet mail server (which is usually the same as your provider's domain name). If you are unsure of the name, check with your service provider.
Click the \INext\i button to continue.
#
"Internet Setup Wizard - (l)",44,32pg44.bmp,c,0
If you have more than one profile established for use with Microsoft Exchange, you are asked to choose the profile you want to use for Internet Mail.
Make your choice from the \IProfile\i drop-down list and click the \INext\i button.
#
"Internet Setup Wizard - (m)",45,c03f032.bmp,c,0
When the setup is finished, the Wizard informs you that a new connection has been installed for you. Click the \IFinish\i button.
When the Wizard closes, you may be prompted to restart the computer; to do so, click on the \IRestart\i button.
Click on the \IFinish\i button now to close the Internet Setup Wizard.
#
"Internet Setup Wizard - (n)",46,32pg49.bmp,c,0
Once Windows 95 has restarted, you can find the dial-up networking icon that has been installed.
Double-click the My Computer icon, then double-click the \IDial-Up Networking\i folder to display its contents. An icon has been created for accessing the provider you established using the Internet Setup Wizard.
You are now ready to dial your provider and connect to the Internet. The next section shows you how to get connected.
#
!,!,!,!,!
5#
19,0
"Contents of 'Getting Connected'",1,0.wpf,a,"1_5intro.wav"
In this section, you will learn how to:
ò \IConnect to your provider\i
ò \ILog on to your provider's system\i
ò \ITest and troubleshoot a connection\i
ò \IDisconnect from your provider\i
#
"Introduction to Getting Connected - (a)",2,0,c,"1_5vid.avi"
#
"Introduction to getting connected - (a)",3,33pg01.bmp,c,0
Connecting to your Internet provider is now just a matter of double-clicking the icon representing the connection.
#
"Introduction to getting connected - (b)",4,33pg02.bmp,c,0
To make it easier to connect in the future, you can create a shortcut to your connection on your desktop.
To do so, hold down the right mouse button as you drag the icon for your connection from the \IDial-Up Networking\i folder to the desktop. Release the mouse button and choose the \ICreate Shortcut(s) Here\i command from the shortcut menu that appears.
You can now double-click the shortcut on your desktop to dial your provider.
#
"Dialing Your Provider - (a)",5,c03f035.bmp,c,0
After double-clicking the dial-up networking icon, enter your user name and password in the \BConnect To\b dialog box. To avoid having to retype your password each time you connect, check the \ISave password\i check box.
Ensure that the phone number and dialing location are correct, and click the \IConnect\i button.
#
"Dialing Your Provider - (b)",6,c03f036.bmp,c,0
Windows 95 displays a dialog box showing the current connection status.
#
"Dialing Your Provider - (c)",7,33pg05.bmp,c,0
Once connected, a terminal window displays your provider's login screen. Follow the instructions for logging on to your provider, entering your user name and password where required.
When finished, a row of "garbage" characters indicates that a PPP connection has been established. The screen shown here is the login screen for OzEmail.
Click the \IContinue (F7)\i button to proceed.
#
"Dialing Your Provider - (d)",8,33pg06.bmp,c,0
After successfully logging on, the \BConnected to\b dialog box displays and the modem icon appears in the taskbar information area. You can minimize the \BConnected to\b dialog box while you are connected.
\BNote:\b \IYou can use the Dial-Up Networking scripting tool (Scripter) to create scripts for automating the log on process.\i
#
"Testing your connection",9,0.wpf,g,0
Once you have been successfully connected to your provider's computer, you should test the connection to make sure it is working correctly.
The Ping application is one of the foremost network testing tools, in that it validates that you are successfully able to communicate with other machines. Ping sends a brief message to another host, and a reply echoes back if you are able to reach that machine. A standard test is to "ping" the server to which you are connected, either by entering the server's IP address or domain name.
#
"Ping - (a)",10,33pg09.bmp,c,0
The Ping application that comes with Windows 95 is a DOS application, so it must be run from the MS-DOS prompt.
Start the MS-DOS prompt by choosing \BStart\b\\\BPrograms\b\\\IMS-DOS Prompt\i.
#
"Ping - (b)",11,33pg10.bmp,c,0
In the MS-DOS Prompt window (you can press Alt+Enter to switch between full screen and window views), type "ping" followed by the IP address of the server you want to ping. For example, type \Bping 198.105.232.1\b (this is Microsoft's FTP server). If TCP/IP is working correctly over your connection, Ping will respond with a series of numbers as shown here.
#
"Ping - (c)",12,33pg11.bmp,c,0
You can also ping other hosts using either their IP address or their name. In order to ping machines by name, you must have entered a correct value for at least one domain name server when configuring your settings in the \BTCP/IP Properties\b dialog box. The domain name server translates domain names to IP addresses.
Try ping'ing \Bftp.microsoft.com\b to verify that your domain name server settings are correct and working.
#
"Troubleshooting",13,0.wpf,g,0
Considering the number of different pieces of hardware and software needed to connect you to your provider, and the Internet, there is a good chance that your first attempt at connecting may not be successful.
When you first dial your provider, the line may be busy or other errors may have occurred during installation. If the line is busy, you hear an engaged signal and Dial-Up Networking attempts to redial after a waiting period. You can click the \IDetails\i button in the \BConnected to\b dialog box to see the cause of the problem.
Some potential problems are outlined on the following pages.
#
"Problems with the Modem",14,c03f041.bmp,c,0
To test your modem, refer to the manual that came with it and run any diagnostics listed. The manual should describe the process you can use for troubleshooting your modem. To run any modem diagnostics, use a standard communications package such as HyperTerminal or the one that came with your modem.
For additional problem-solving tips, run the modem troubleshooter in Windows 95. From the \BStart\b menu, choose \IHelp\i. Click on the \IIndex\i tab, then type \Bmodems, troubleshooting\b. Double-click on the topic and work through the suggested steps in the troubleshooter.
#
"Problems with the Setup",15,33pg15.bmp,c,0
Another common problem when using modems for the first time is an incorrect setup, or one that is incompatible with the modem you are calling.
As mentioned in Section 1.1 \BCommunications Hardware\b, most systems are set up to communicate with parameters of 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit (8,N,1). (See \JConnection Properties - (a)\j for more details.)
There are some providers who must communicate with the parameters of 7 data bits, even parity, and 1 stop bit (7,E,1).
If you attempt to connect to a provider and the connection is incorrect, you may receive an error message.
If the provider does not have any error checking you will know that the configuration is incompatible when "garbage" text appears on the screen when you first connect with the computer.
#
"Problems with the Provider - (a)",16,33pg16.bmp,c,0
In some cases it may not be your fault that you can't connect to your provider. Listen carefully to the tones put out by your modem after dialing. If there is an engaged tone, you will not be able to connect until a line becomes available. Similarly, the phone may keep ringing and not be answered.
#
"Problems with the Provider - (b)",17,33pg17.bmp,c,0
Some providers assign your numeric IP address dynamically (that is, when you connect to them). When using Dial-Up Networking, you can determine your IP address by running the IP Configuration utility.
To do this, from the \BStart\b menu, choose \IRun\i, then type \Bwinipcfg\b in the \IOpen\i combo box.
Details about your connection, including your IP address are displayed in the \BIP Configuration\b dialog box.
There have been instances where the host computer does not assign addresses correctly, and you may have an invalid address (for example, 4.0.0.0 or similar). If this is the case, you should disconnect from your provider and then reconnect.
You should check again that a valid IP address has been assigned to you.
#
"Domain Name Problems",18,0.wpf,g,0
When attempting to contact another computer on the Internet using Ping, Telnet, FTP, or any other Internet service, you may find that your computer cannot locate or connect to a valid address. A message such as "Can not resolve host" indicates that the domain name server can't convert your domain name to a valid IP address. This may be a problem with your spelling of the domain name, or a problem with the domain name server itself. Ensure that you have entered a valid IP address for the domain name server in both the \BTCP/IP Properties\b dialog box under Network, and the TCP/IP configuration for the particular dial-up connection.
If everything else appears to be correct and working, but you still can't get access to other computers or users on the Internet, it could be that your provider's connection to the Internet is actually "down." If possible, check this with your provider by making a voice call. Alternatively, you can check this if you can ping, telnet, and ftp to your provider's computer, but not to other computers on the Internet.
#
"Disconnecting",19,c03f043.bmp,c,0
Before hanging up a PPP connection and disconnecting from your provider you should exit all Winsock applications. You can then display the \BConnected to\b dialog box (click its button on the taskbar) and click the \IDisconnect\i button.
