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- INTRODUCTION TO PACKET - Part 11 - by Larry Kenney, WB9LOZ
-
- THE NODE NETWORK - continued
-
- The NODES command has another feature that gives you a simple way to find
- out if another node is accessible and, if it is, the best route to use to
- reach it. It's easy to make a quick check of the route quality to any other
- node. All you need to do is enter N followed by either the alias or
- callsign of the node that you want to reach, such as:
- N FRESNO or N W6ZFN-2
- You'll receive a report showing up to three routes to the node you asked
- about, how good these routes are and how up to date the information is. If
- there is no information available, you will receive either "Not found" or
- the complete node list, depending on the type of node or switch you're
- using.
-
- Let's take a look at a typical report you would receive after entering
- N FRESNO. If you were connected to a NET/ROM or TheNet node the report
- would look like this:
- SFW:W6PW-1} Routes to: FRESNO:W6ZFN-2
- 105 6 0 WB9LOZ-2
- 78 6 0 WW6L-1
- 61 5 0 WA8DRZ-7
- If you were connected to a G8BPQ packet switch you would see one less
- column in the report and it would look like this:
- SF:WB9LOZ-2} Routes to: FRESNO:W6ZFN-2
- > 126 6 W6PW-10
- 61 3 WW6L-1
- 60 4 W6PW-1
- Each line is a route to the node you asked about. The symbol > indicates a
- route that's in use. The first number is the quality of the route. 255 is
- the best possible quality and means a direct connect via hard wire to a
- coexisting node at the same site; zero is the worst, and means that the
- route is locked out. 192 is about the best over the air quality you'll
- find, and it usually means that the node is only one hop away. If you see
- a quality of less than 80, you'll probably have a difficult time getting
- any information through via that route. The second number is the
- obsolescence count. This number is a 6 when the information for this route
- is less than an hour old. For each hour that an update on the route is not
- received, this number is decreased by one. A 5 means the information is an
- hour old, a 4 means that it's two hours old, and so on. The next number,
- shown only on NET/ROM and TheNet nodes, indicates the type of port. A 0 is
- an HDLC port; a 1 is an RS-232 port. You don't need to pay any attention
- to this figure. The callsign is that of the neighboring node that's next
- in line on the route. Digipeaters are shown if any are used to reach this
- neighboring node.
-
- This quick check on a node that you want to reach can save you a lot of
- time. You'll know immediately whether or not the node is available, and if
- it is, how good the available routes are to it. You then won't have to
- spend time trying to connect to a node that isn't available or is of poor
- quality.
-
- If you find that there's a decent route to the node or switch you want to
- reach, it's normally best to let the network make the connection for you.
- Simply enter a connect to the alias or callsign you want rather than
- connecting to each individual node along the route yourself.
-
- If a route exists but the quality is not very good, you might want to
- connect to the neighboring node shown for the best route, then do another
- quality check, repeating this procedure until you find a route with decent
- quality. You can actually get through to some distant nodes using this
- method if you have the time and patience to work on it.
-
- ROUTES: The ROUTES command (abbreviated as R) will give you a list of the
- direct routes available from the node you're using to other nodes. These
- are the nodes seen directly by the node you're using. The quality of each
- route is shown along with the obsolescence count, as explained above. Any
- route marked with an exclamation point (!) means that the route values have
- been entered manually by the owner of the node and usually means that the
- route is not reliable for regular use.
-
- USERS: The USERS command (which can be abbreviated as U) will show you the
- calls of all the stations using the node you're connected to. There are
- five descriptions used by the node to describe how users are connected:
- UPLINK: The station indicated is connected directly to the node.
- DOWNLINK: The node has made a connection from the first station to the
- second station. Example: DOWNLINK (K9AT-15 N6UWK) would mean
- that the node connected to N6UWK at the request of K9AT.
- CIRCUIT: Indicates that the station has connected from another node.
- It shows the alias and call of the other node prior to the user's
- call. Example: Circuit (SFW:W6PW-1 WA6DDM) would mean that WA6DDM
- is using this node, but he connected to it from the SFW:W6PW-1 node.
- CQ: See "CQ" below.
- HOST: The user is connected directly from the node terminal. This is
- seen when the owner of the node is a user, or the BBS associated with
- the node is using it to forward messages.
-
- CQ COMMAND: The CQ command (which cannot be abbreviated) is used for
- calling CQ, and it also can be used for replying to the CQ of another
- station. The CQ command is available only in the latest version of NET/ROM
- and TheNet.
-
- Using the CQ Command: The CQ command is used to transmit a short text
- message from a node, and is also used to enable stations that receive the
- transmission to connect to the station that originated it. The command is
- entered as: CQ [textmessage]
- The "textmessage" is optional and can be any string up to 77 characters
- long (blanks and punctuation are allowed). In response to a CQ command,
- the node transmits the specified textmessage in "unproto" mode, using the
- callsign of the originating user with a translated SSID as the source and
- "CQ" as the destination. For example, if user station W6XYZ connects to a
- node and issues the command: "CQ Anybody around tonight?", the node would
- then transmit "W6XYZ-15>CQ: Anybody around tonight?"
-
- After making the transmission in response to the CQ command, the node
- "arms" a mechanism to permit other stations to reply to the CQ. A station
- wishing to reply may do so simply by connecting to the originating call-
- sign shown in the CQ transmission (W6XYZ-15 in the example above). A CQ
- command remains "armed" to accept replies for 15 minutes, or until the
- originating user issues another command or disconnects from the node.
-
- Any station connected to a node may determine if there are any other
- stations awaiting a reply to a CQ by issuing a USERS command. An "armed"
- CQ channel appears in the USERS display as:
- (Circuit, Host, or Uplink) <~~> CQ(usercall).
- The station may reply to such a pending CQ by issuing a CONNECT to the user
- callsign specified in the CQ(...) portion of the USERS display--it is not
- necessary for the station to disconnect from the node and reconnect.
-
- Here's what a typical transmission would look like: (* = entered by user)
- * cmd: C KA6YZS-1
- cmd: *** Connected to KA6YZS-1
- * USERS
- 501SJC:KA6YZS-1} NET/ROM 1.3 (669)
- Uplink(WB9LOZ)
- Uplink(K1HTV-1) <~~> CQ(K1HTV-14)
- Circuit(LAS:K7WS-1 W1XYZ) <~~> CQ(W1XYZ-15)
- Uplink(N4HY)
- * CONNECT W1XYZ-15
- 501SJC:KA6YZS-1} Connected to W1XYZ
- * Hello! This is George in San Jose
- Hi George! Thanks for answering my CQ. etc.
-
- Users of the CQ command are cautioned to be patient in waiting for a
- response. Your CQ will remain "armed" for 15 minutes, and will be visible
- to any user who issues a USERS command at the node during that time. Wait
- at least five minutes before issuing another CQ to give other stations a
- chance to reply to your first one!
-
- BBS: The BBS command is available on nodes using the G8BPQ software where
- an associated packet bulletin board system is operational. Entering BBS
- will connect you to the associated BBS.
-
- BYE: The BYE command is available on G8BPQ nodes and is used for
- disconnecting from the node. It does the same thing as disconnecting.
-
- IDENT: The IDENT command, found on NET/ROM nodes, will give you the
- identification of the node you're using.
-
- INFO: The INFO command, found on TheNet and G8BPQ nodes, will give you
- information about the node, usually the alias, callsign and location.
-
- PARMS: The PARMS (Parameters) command, found on NET/ROM nodes, is for the
- owner's use in determining how his station is working.
-
- - - -
-