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- n-1-3-040.15 Dealing with Internet Growth - Internet Standards Activity
- by Craig Partridge <craig@aland.bbn.com>
-
- There are a number of technical trends coming together right now, all
- of which turn out to affect primarily IP (the internetwork layer protocol):
-
- (1) the explosive growth of the Internet is depleting the IP address
- space -- so the address space in headers has to grow;
-
- (2) the explosive growth of the Internet is simultaneously stressing the
- size of on routing tables for IP routers, and the general routing
- architecture -- so the IP architecture for routing and addressing
- needs to be revised to reduce routing stress;
-
- (3) DARPA-sponsored work on multimedia conferencing via IP is coming
- of age (witness the delivery of the IETF plenaries to over
- 200 sites worldwide via the Internet last month) -- this
- work is believed to eventually require some modification to IP
- to support the provision of some form of performance guarantees
- (for example, some of the sites on the IETF multicast experienced
- delays of several seconds -- too long for comfortable conversation).
-
- At the same time, there is no firm agreement on exactly when each of these
- trends will become critical to solve. The IP class B address space is due
- to run out (I believe) next year, but there is an interim plan called CIDR
- which is supposed to get us past that problem (CIDR is completely transparent
- to hosts). Exactly when CIDR will falter is unclear, but folks assume in
- a few years.
-
- The routing table explosion seems more severe but again, timetables for
- disaster vary. A couple of years, more or less, is a reasonable guess.
-
- The multimedia work is still embryonic. Complete proposals for architectural
- extensions to IP are not expected until early next year. Agreement on what
- extensions work best is probably a couple years in the future.
-
- Now, the key problem is timetable. We need to develop addressing, routing
- and multimedia extensions good for an Internet of 100s of millions of hosts
- (perhaps billions). All three extensions are *hard* problems. The IETF
- has been looking at addressing and routing for over two years (since some
- folks started graphing the address consumption curve and figured out doomsday
- was impending). Folks have been looking at the multimedia problem for nearly
- a decade. And these extensions must be tested thoroughly before launching
- them on the TCP/IP market.
-
- The result is the following muddle. To do serious testing and development of
- routing and addressing proposals, one needs to decide among the various
- proposal soon, in case worst-case predictions about
- addressing and routing stress come true. So the IETF is pushing to try to
- make decisions by late this year. Part of the motivation behind the IAB's
- Kobe announcement was a concern that the IETF was not moving fast
- enough. At the same time, if the IETF decides too soon, it may have to
- revisit its decision when multimedia is ready to be added to the mix.
- But not enough is known about the exact form of the multimedia solution
- to factor it in now. (Past experiences with guessing what is required have
- shown guessing is a bad idea).
-
- There are currently four proposals before the IETF:
-
- TUBA -- a proposal to replace IP with CLNP (ISO connection-less
- internetwork layer protocol). CLNP has bigger address fields than
- IP but is otherwise architecturally similar to IP. The most common
- gripe about TUBA is that it probably causes the greatest amount of
- code to change (because the packet format is completely different,
- even if the functionality is the same) and that while the addresses
- get bigger, the larger addressing and routing problems aren't
- addressed. The TUBA proposal can be found in RFC 1347.
-
- Nimrod -- a more radical proposal by Noel Chiappa. Yet to be fully
- committed to paper but to be taken seriously as Noel is an
- acknowledged wizard in routing and addressing. Noel believes
- that he can avoid changes to host software yet provide the
- extensibility in routing necessary to support multimedia.
- It is hard to assess the proposal fully.
-
- PIP -- a proposal by Paul Tsuchiya, another acknowledged wizard.
- It is available as two Internet drafts
- (draft-tsuchiya-pip-00.txt, draft-tsuchiya-pip-overview-01.txt)
-
- IPAE -- a proposal to encapsulate larger IP addresses within a sub-layer
- above IP. Has the merit that hosts can function unchanged in
- most situations, and may require the least modification to existing
- code. Major concern is that non-upgraded hosts will exist in
- disjoint islands of IP, which cannot communicate with each other.
- Available as an Internet draft (draft-crocker-ip-encaps-00.txt)
-
- It is expected the IETF will be deciding among these proposals at the end of
- the year.
-
-