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- From: daryl@oracorp.com (Daryl McCullough)
- Subject: Re: QM and Free Will
- Message-ID: <1992Nov4.155342.25216@oracorp.com>
- Organization: ORA Corporation
- Date: Wed, 4 Nov 1992 15:53:42 GMT
- Lines: 41
-
- The way I understand Penrose, his argument takes the form:
-
- Suppose that human reasoning about arithmetic is captured exactly
- by some formal system T. This means that any statement of
- arithmetic that human mathematicians can come to know is true
- is provable by T, and that T uses only methods of reasoning
- (inference rules, axioms, etc.) that humans believe to be valid.
-
- Then, since the basic mathematical principles humans use are
- simple, clear, and obviously true, we could then study theory T
- and see that it only generates true statements. Therefore, we
- conclude that T is consistent (a false theory can be consistent,
- but a true theory can't be inconsistent). Then, by Godel's
- theorem, we can produce an arithmetic statement G(T) such that
- (1) is true, and (2) cannot be proved by T. Since we have just
- convinced ourselves that G(T) is true, and T cannot prove G(T),
- that implies that T does *not* capture all of our reasoning about
- arithmetic. Contradiction. Therefore, there is no such T.
-
- First of all, this argument doesn't show that human reasoning is more
- powerful than formal reasoning, at all. It shows that human reasoning
- is more powerful than any formal reasoning that we can see is clearly
- valid. Penrose' argument cannot be used, for instance, to show that NF
- (Quine's New Foundations, an alternative set theory) fails to capture
- all of human reasoning about arithmetic. We could get to the
- construction of G(NF), the Godel statement for NF, and then we would
- be stuck; if NF is consistent, then G(NF) is true but unprovable from
- NF, but we are (so far, anyway) unable to prove that NF is consistent.
- So while NF may be unable to prove G(NF), neither can we.
-
- Therefore, Penrose' claim is reduced from the boast "Human reasoning
- is more powerful than any consistent formal system" to the much more
- modest "Human reasoning is more powerful than any system that human
- reasoning can prove is consistent". This modest claim is just as true
- if you replace "human reasoning" by "reasoning within PA" or
- "reasoning within ZFC", or any other formal system. Not a very
- convincing argument that human reasoning is not algorithmic.
-
- Daryl McCullough
- ORA Corp.
- Ithaca, NY
-