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- Xref: sparky sci.math:14892 sci.physics:18804
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- From: pratt@Sunburn.Stanford.EDU (Vaughan R. Pratt)
- Subject: Re: Three-sided coin
- Message-ID: <1992Nov13.065340.28950@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU>
- Sender: news@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU
- Organization: Computer Science Department, Stanford University.
- References: <1drt9sINN7hu@darkstar.UCSC.EDU> <11NOV199218361868@utkvx2.utk.edu> <1992Nov12.134111.3793@schaefer.math.wisc.edu>
- Date: Fri, 13 Nov 1992 06:53:40 GMT
- Lines: 46
-
- In article <1992Nov12.134111.3793@schaefer.math.wisc.edu> mueller@schaefer.UUCP (Carl Douglas Mueller) writes:
- >Consider the coin as being carved out of a sphere
- >(the edges of the top and bottom of the coin are on the surface of the sphere
- >and stuff is carved away to leave the coin (two chunks of sphere removed by
- >slicing along the faces of the coin -- and a sort of belt which is then
- >removed by slicing along the outer edge of the coin). The answer is given
- >by finding the thickness that makes the surface areas (ON THE SPHERE) of these
- >three chunks of sphere equal. The answer is:
- >
- >The thickness should be the diameter divided by the square root of 8.
- >(That is, the thickness is to be about 35.4% of the diameter.)
-
- For this reasoning to be valid the axis of rotation would have to be
- uniformly distributed on a sphere enclosing the coin. Under typical
- launching conditions I question whether it is as likely for that axis
- to be normal to (the face of) the coin as lying along a specified line
- in the plane of the coin.
-
- In fact a regular flip should ensure the latter, at least at the moment
- of launching.
-
- The coin is a gyroscope while in flight, but presumably it can nutate
- (its axis precess). Can a vertical impulse applied to a single point
- of a coin lying flat induce nutation? I'd guess not. What about two
- unequal vertical impulses each applied at a point? I can't think of an
- elementary argument for either side, though I'd sort of guess it
- could.
-
- ===
- To change the topic back to what I vaguely recall to be one of the
- earlier questions, namely can you build a fair die with n sides, I just
- now recall a paper by our own Joe Keller in I think AMM two or three
- years ago on just this topic. Joe gave a very comprehensive theory of
- fair dice.
-
- Here's Joe's simplest construction of a fair n-sided die for n >= 5.
- Cylindrify (prismify) a regular n-agon. The n sides have equal
- probalities p, and the top and bottom have equal probabilities q. For
- thin enough dice q<p, for thick enough, p<q, whence there exists a
- thickness in between where p=q.
-
- For 2 <= n <= 4 one can solve the problem for 2n or 3n and take pairs
- or triples of sides as denoting the same outcome. (And for n=4 there
- is also the simplex.)
- --
- Vaughan Pratt A fallacy is worth a thousand steps.
-