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- From: hoey@AIC.NRL.Navy.Mil (Dan Hoey)
- Newsgroups: sci.math,rec.puzzles
- Subject: Results: Unfolding the tesseract
- Message-ID: <9210161857.hoey@aic.nrl.navy.mil>
- Date: 16 Oct 92 22:57:12 GMT
- Article-I.D.: aic.9210161857.hoey
- Sender: usenet@ra.nrl.navy.mil
- Followup-To: sci.math
- Organization: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC
- Lines: 45
-
- Back in June, orourke@sophia.smith.edu (Joseph O'Rourke) wrote:
-
- >Does anyone know how many distinct unfoldings there are of a
- >hypercube (a 4-dim cube)? I know there are 11 distinct 2-dim
- >connected shapes that can result from unfolding a (3-dim) cube
- >[Rucker, "The Fourth Dimension" (1984) p.34].
-
- Well, Rudy Rucker did pass near the topic, but it was covered in
- somewhat more detail in Martin Gardner's _Mathematical_Carnival_
- [1975] article on the hypercube. Gardner mentioned that he posed the
- question of many ways there are of unfolding a tesseract to
- _Scientific_American_ readers, and he got so many answers he couldn't
- decide which (if any) was right.
-
- I spent some time this summer counting them. I organized them and
- counted them by hand, and got 253 cases. Then I reorganized some of
- them, and noticed some cases I had missed, and now there were 264.
- Then I wrote a program to count them, and came up with 261; I soon
- noticed three duplicates in my hand work. Then I compared the
- program's output with my table, case by case, and they matched. So at
- this point I am fairly certain there are exactly 261 ways of unfolding
- the surface of a tesseract into an octocube. (And I am fairly
- sympathetic with Garder's readers.)
-
- Gardner noted that the eleven hexominoes you get by unfolding the
- surface of a cube:
- x
- xxx x xx x xx xx x x xx x x
- x xxx x xx xx x x xx x xx xx
- x x x xx x xx xxx xx xx xx x
- x x xx x x x x x x x x
-
- cannot be used to tile a rectangle. I do not know if he tried tiling
- with the twenty hexominoes you get if you add the reflections of the
- mirror-asymmetric hexominoes and forbid turning them over.
-
- As for the 261 octocubes you get from unfolding a tesseract, were we
- to build them, it would be infeasible to ``turn them over'' into their
- mirror images. Therefore we would probably prefer to build a
- rectangular prism from the 355 octocubes we get by adding mirror
- images of the 194 mirror-asymmetric octocubes. But I have no plans to
- check whether that is possible.
-
- Dan Hoey
- Hoey@AIC.NRL.Navy.Mil
-