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- Newsgroups: sci.logic
- Path: sparky!uunet!think.com!sdd.hp.com!cs.utexas.edu!tamsun.tamu.edu!tamuts!e343mh
- From: e343mh@tamuts.tamu.edu (Michael Hand)
- Subject: Re: A only if B
- Message-ID: <1992Oct14.025521.15525@tamsun.tamu.edu>
- Sender: news@tamsun.tamu.edu (Read News)
- Organization: Texas A&M University, College Station
- References: <Bw2noB.6tE@newsflash.concordia.ca>
- Date: Wed, 14 Oct 1992 02:55:21 GMT
- Lines: 45
-
- Jonathan Seldin writes:
- > Think of A if and only if B. This is A <--> B; A if B is clearly
- > B --> A, and so A only if B must be A --> B.
-
- The indicated argument is invalid:
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- A if and only if B is paraphrased as A <-> B
- but A if B is paraphrased as B -> A
- hence A only if B is paraphrased as A -> B
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- This is a "subtraction" argument that doesn't look too good. If
- "A only if B" were correctly paraphrased as the biconditional, then
- "A if and only if B" and "A if B" could still be paraphrased as the
- premises indicate, but the conclusion would then be false. Of course,
- it would then be redundant to say "if and only if" instead of just
- "only if", but so what?
-
- > Another way to think of this is in terms of truth table values.
- > In A only if B, the case that is excluded is that A is true and B
- > is false; A only if B is true (truth functionally) in all other
- > cases. This gives us the truth table for A --> B.
-
- This argument begs the question. Anyone who thinks "A only if B" is
- a biconditional will reject your premise that the only excluded case
- is that A is true while B is false. They will claim that another
- excluded case is that A is false while B is true.
-
- Nonetheless, "A only if B" has to be paraphrased as A -> B, not the
- biconditional, otherwise (1) would be a downright inconsistency.
-
- (1) John will dance only if Mary dances, and maybe not even then.
-
- (The "maybe" is just an epistemic modality, not relevant here.)
- The consistency of (1) indicates that "only if" is not a biconditional
- connective, but (1) suggests that perhaps there is a cancelable
- implicature (not entailment) of the converse conditional. So
- "A only if B" is paraphrased as "A -> B" if you think formal
- paraphrases should capture entailments but not implicatures, i.e.,
- if the paraphrase should reveal a "logical form".
-
- B-o} Michael
- _______________________________________________________________________
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Michael Hand phone (409)845-5660, fax (409)845-0458
- Dept of Philosophy, Texas A&M Univ, College Station TX 77843-4237 U.S.A.
-