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- Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU
- Path: sparky!uunet!wupost!psuvax1!psuvm!auvm!MCIMAIL.COM!0004972767
- Message-ID: <45920907174454/0004972767ND2EM@mcimail.com>
- Newsgroups: bit.listserv.csg-l
- Date: Mon, 7 Sep 1992 17:44:00 GMT
- Sender: "Control Systems Group Network (CSGnet)" <CSG-L@UIUCVMD.BITNET>
- From: Hortideas Publishing <0004972767@MCIMAIL.COM>
- Subject: Sciences & Ideologies V
- Lines: 153
-
- From Greg Williams (920907 - 2)
-
- >Bill Powers (920907.0900)
-
- >Let's stay with the basic ideas for a while and make sure we
- >understand each other.
-
- Sounds good to me.
-
- >I'm controlling variable v by means of action a. You apply a
- >disturbance d to v. This causes v to depart from v*, my reference
- >level for it, by approximatly d/myloopgain; my action causes a to vary
- >enough to produce this result, so that a is nearly -d. So by varying
- >d, you can cause a to vary.
-
- So far, so good.
-
- >This is your control of my action.
-
- If you say so. To be more precise, might we say that it is A (no pun
- intended) way to control your action? Seriously, it is control IF by causing a
- to vary (per the above), I am controlling SOME of MY perceptions (which must
- be related to your actions in some lawful way, or the loop won't be
- completed). It isn't (my) control of anything if I am just influencing your a
- ("accidentally," so to speak) without intentionally controlling some
- perceptions of mine.
-
- >You can have a reference level a* for a.
-
- I can? By PCT, I can ONLY control for MY PERCEPTIONS. (I could say HOW MANY
- TIMES DO I HAVE TO SHOUT THIS?, but I won't.) Now, I could have a reference
- level corresponding to my perception that you are performing action a* -- and
- my perception could be flatly wrong, for some reason or another; or I might
- have a reference signal for some other perception which is (possibly
- complexly) RELATED to your action which I am manipulating.
-
- >My action a will come to a state of about a*/yourloopgain.
-
- IF I am controlling for my perception that you are performing a* and I am not
- fooled in some way.
-
- >By this way, this takes no cooperation from me -- I don't have to pay
- >any attention to my own action. All I have to do is continue doing
- >what I was doing before: keeping v near to v*. From my point of view,
- >your variations of d are just another disturbance. It doesn't matter
- >to me whether those variations are systematically aimed at a goal of
- >yours or are random.
-
- I'm sorry I led you to this confusion. What I meant by saying in my previous
- post that "cooperation" is necessary for manipulation to work is simply that
- the manipulee's control must NOT be conflicted. The manipulator intends (and
- how well he/she succeeds depends on how good a model he/she has of the
- manipulee's controlling) to "set up" the situation so that the manipulee will
- (given that situation) "naturally" control so as to allow the manipulator to
- control certain of his/her own perceptions. So, the conned mark must be
- "cooperatively" greedy for the game to "work" (with respect to what the con
- man wants to happen).
-
- >By our postulates (which forbid conflict), I must not have any goal
- >that forbids my action a to be controlled by you.
-
- Yes, that's what I was just trying to say.
-
- >So my action can't be "important" to me -- that is, I can't have any goal for
- >it, but must be willing to let it vary as you choose.
-
- You've ALMOST got it. I can set up a situation so that you will act in the
- way you want to act (given the situation) AND I can control the perceptions I
- want to control. What I CANNOT set up (for manipulation to work) is a
- situation so that you will want to NOT act that way. So the action in question
- can be EITHER "unimportant" (your sense) to you or "important" to you -- it
- CANNOT be "important" to you that you DON'T do the action I want you to do.
- Your controlling (especially: HOW YOU PERCEIVE THE SITUATION -- and you might
- MISperceive it or perceive it INCOMPLETELY, because an exploiter has set it up
- thusly, using his/her model of your controlling, which could be wrong) must be
- such that you will "go along" (I early said "cooperate," but that was
- confusing) with the manipulation.
-
- >I can't have any preference for a particular state of my action if you are to
- >be able to control it without conflict with me.
-
- No. You can prefer to do it; you cannot prefer to not do it (if I am able to
- control your action without conflict). If you are greedy and the con man shows
- you (you believe at the time) how to get a lot of money by "going along" with
- him, you might get to the point where you are even suggesting how the
- (unbeknownst-to-you) scam should be played out. You can positively LOVE to be
- performing the actions which you THINK will satisfy your wish for moola. Your
- gain for those actions can be sky-high (and that makes the manipulator's job
- very easy). At any rate, I can see (sometimes) a fairly loose coupling between
- the manipulator's controlled perceptions and the manipulee's actions which
- result in control by the manipulator of his/her perceptions. The short answer:
- by "fostering" (another confusing word?) your "natural" control of particular
- actions which you might have VERY STRONG PREFERENCE FOR, I can manipulate you.
- Manipulations of truly "don't-care" actions are also possible. We are indeed
- progressing in interesting directions!
-
- >This procedure works best if I (higher level) pay no conscious attention to
- >my actions at all, but just let the (lower-level) control system operate
- them.
-
- Not necessarily, as per my comments immediately above.
-
- >It has just occurred to me that we are probably using the term "important" in
- >different ways. I suspect that you're using it to mean _objectively_ important
- >-- that is, important in ways unknown to me but known to the manipulator (in
- >the manipulator's opinion).
-
- We needn't get THAT objective. How about just "judged by you AFTER the
- manipulation of you (or after you know the full "facts" about an attempted
- manipulation) to be important to you? But I see that you're catching on.
-
- >The manipulator may believe that if he can get me to bring my action into the
- >state a*, something good for me will result, or something bad for me will be
- >avoided.
-
- Yes, and I would term that an attempt at "facilitation" -- it would BE
- "facilitation" iff the manipulee, after the successful manipulation
- [facilitation is a KIND of manipulation], judges the result to be "good" for
- him/her. I'll go out on a limb and say that I think our major difference
- overall is that I think successful manipulations (both facilitations and
- exploitations) are extremely common, and you think they are extremely rare. Am
- I right about that? It is an EXTRA-PCT question -- an empirical issue which I
- think depends on the particulars of individual manipulations. PCT says only
- that manipulation CAN fail, and that, in general, the Test probably can be
- used to increase the chances of a manipulation succeeding. Most importantly,
- PCT does NOT say that manipulation is necessarily bad for the manipulee. And
- it does not say that ONE kind of manipulation is always best -- that's what I
- chided Rick about "prescribing."
-
- >The manipulator may, for example, have the opinion that if I could be
- >maneuvered into learning the moves that result in taking square roots
- >correctly, this action by me will be of future benefit to me even though I'm
- >indifferent to it now and am not doing it "on purpose.".
-
- Well, I didn't think of that -- luckily, I didn't say HOW long after the
- completion of the successful manipulation the manipulee should judge its worth
- to him/her. At any rate, I suppose that in many cases, the manipulee might not
- be able to say whether the manipulation was beneficial or not -- perhaps NEVER
- could. A very interesting point (remember I had said that the manipulee might
- find it difficult to judge the worth of propaganda and advertising, in at
- least some cases) -- that's something that makes life complex and interesting,
- I think!
-
- >Is this what you're talking about when you speak of importance?
-
- Basically, yes -- as laid out above.
-
- Best,
-
- Greg
-
- P.S. Shouldn't you tell Hans B. about how E. coli actually controls, based on
- Koshland's work? He seems to think it is conjectural, not empirically based.
-