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- From: parkyn@fraser.sfu.ca (Dale Parkyn)
- Subject: PowerBook battery wisdom
- Message-ID: <parkyn.715013126@sfu.ca>
- Summary: Don't drain powerbook batteries
- Keywords: PowerBook PB battery memory life charge charging
- Sender: news@sfu.ca
- Organization: Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
- Date: Fri, 28 Aug 1992 14:45:26 GMT
- Lines: 84
-
- I would like to pass along the following information about battery charging.
- A friend tried draining PB battery through 6V light system, surprising amount
- of energy left below the PowerBook's shut down point. But...
-
- The battery would no longer begin to charge though!
-
- After reading the following maybe self-styled experts, read as myth passers,
- I think we understand what happened.
-
- Here it is:
-
- >As an owner of two powerbook batteries (for the 170 if it matters) which
- >are currently getting virtually random cycling and use, I've been
- >wondering about these full-cycle battery chargers you see
- >advertised various places. The one I see most often is, I gather,
- >made by Lind Electronic Design and fully discharges as well as
- >charges batteries so as to prevent the dreaded "Memory Effect"
- >common in ni-cads.
-
- The "memory effect" is almost never observed in NiCd batteries used in
- consumer applications. It occurs only when a NiCd battery is repeatedly
- discharged to _exactly_ the same level and then recharged, many times in
- a row. This can happen in some very specialied applications, but won't
- occur in a typical consumer application such as in a PowerBook. The
- "virtually random cycling and use" that you are giving your batteries is
- exactly the sort of use which ensures that the memory effect won't
- occur.
-
- There is an effect in NiCd batteries known as "voltage depression",
- which occurs if you overcharge the battery (if you leave it cooking in a
- high-rate charger for too long). This effect lowers the output voltage
- slightly, and it can make the battery _appear_ to lose capacity (because
- its voltage drops to the 1.1-volt threshold sooner than it would
- otherwise). Voltage depression can be reversed by completely
- discharging each cell in the battery, and then recharging it.
-
- It's safe to discharge individual NiCd cells (1.2 volts each) all the
- way to zero. It is NOT safe to discharge a NiCd battery all the way to
- zero - the first cell to be exhausted will be damaged by the continuing
- flow of current through it. So... don't try to discharge your PowerBook
- battery by hooking it to a flashlight bulb or a resistor.
-
- The PowerBook has a low-voltage detector, which detects the fact that
- the battery voltage has dropped to near-exhaustion (usually 1.1 volts
- per cell) and shuts down the machine. It's a bad idea to try to use any
- NiCd battery beyond this point - you risk damage to the battery, and
- there's only about 1% of the usable power left anyhow.
-
- So... the best way to exercise your PowerBook battery (to eliminate the
- effects of voltage depression) is to use it until the PowerBook warns
- you that low-power shutdown is about to occur... then, sleep the
- machine, take out the battery, and recharge it for the recommended
- length of time (but not for longer than that). This should bring the
- battery back up to full charge, without overcharging it.
-
- > I have experienced continually degrading battery
- >performance in other portable devices (such as tape recorders that
- >always run out of juice when I need them the most!) and would like to
- >avoid that with my powerbook.
-
- Many tape recorders don't have low-voltage shutoffs, and will continue
- to suck juice out of NiCds all the way down to zero volts. This leads to
- battery damage. When you're using NiCd batteries in a tape recorder,
- flashlight, etc., you should remove them from service IMMEDIATELY when
- the light begins to dim or the tape recorder starts to slow down.
- If you run your NiCd battery down to zero in the belief that you're
- preventing the memory effect, you're actually shortening its life quite
- a lot.
-
- Recharge the battery to full charge at the recommended rate (typically
- 14 hours, at 10% of full charge per hour), then take the battery out of
- the charger. Many low-cost chargers will continue to pump current into
- the battery at a C/10 rate, and don't switch over to a low-current
- trickle charge... this leads to voltage depression.
-
-
- Thanks to the originator of this information
-
- Dale parkyn@sfu.ca
-
- PS At a hundred dollars a piece don't mess with your batteries without
- careful consideration...
-
-
-