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- Path: sparky!uunet!ogicse!uwm.edu!daffy!uwvax!uchinews!ellis!revu
- From: revu@ellis.uchicago.edu (Sendhil Revuluri)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Physics News Update #91 (8/12)
- Summary: First posting of PNUP to sci.physics
- Keywords: physics news interesting banana
- Message-ID: <1992Aug14.193326.19268@midway.uchicago.edu>
- Date: 14 Aug 92 19:33:26 GMT
- Article-I.D.: midway.1992Aug14.193326.19268
- Sender: news@uchinews.uchicago.edu (News System)
- Reply-To: revu@midway.uchicago.edu
- Distribution: usa
- Organization: University of Chicago
- Lines: 88
-
- **********************************************************************
-
- In response to the requests for "real" physics information, I am going
- to post this and future "Physics News Updates" distributed by AIP
- Public Information's Phillip Schewe to sci.physics. (Sorry for the
- delay; it took me this long to get permission, etc.) For those who
- want to receive PNUPs via email, mail pfs2@aip.org with your address
- and you will be added to the distribution list.
-
- Complaints or suggestions are welcome; please mail them to me at the
- address below.
-
-
- Sendhil Revuluri (s-revuluri@uchicago.edu)
- University of Chicago
-
- **********************************************************************
-
- PHYSICS NEWS UPDATE
- A digest of physics news items prepared by Phillip F. Schewe, AIP
- Public Information
- Number 91 August 12, 1992
-
- MEASUREMENTS OF MULTI-JET PRODUCTION RATES in
- deep inelastic muon-proton scattering support the theory of
- quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Stealing a march on HERA---
- the electron-proton collider in Hamburg, where proton-lepton
- (electrons instead of muons) scattering will be the exclusive
- concern---scientists at Fermilab (contact: Jorge Morfin, 708-840-
- 4561) have studied what happens when a beam of 490-GeV muons
- is smashed into a stationary hydrogen target. Quite often the
- muon can be thought of as scattering not from the proton as a
- whole but from individual quarks within the proton. Some of
- these quark-muon interactions will be highly inelastic; that is,
- much of the collision energy will be converted into new particles,
- some of which emerge from the collision vertex in jets. QCD
- holds that in certain reactions, gluons (the carriers of the strong
- nuclear force between quarks) may also spawn jets through a sort
- of radiative process, much like photon bremsstrahlung. Fermilab
- has not only seen such multi-jet (in particular, 3-jet) events, but
- has for the first time measured their rate of production, a value
- which agrees with the QCD prediction. (M.R. Adams et al., 17
- August issue of Physical Review Letters.)
-
- THE FIRST EXTRAGALACTIC GAMMA RAYS in the TeV
- energy range have been observed by a group of astronomers at the
- Whipple Observatory in Arizona. The gamma source, the galaxy
- Markarian 421 (400 million light years away), had previously been
- seen at radio, visible, and x-ray wavelengths, and at gamma
- energies into the GeV range by the Gamma Ray Observatory. The
- Whipple measurements, made with Cerenkov counters that detect
- showers engendered by the gammas hitting our atmosphere, show
- that the gamma flux from Mk421 is only a factor of three lower
- than that of the Crab Nebula (which, sitting in our own galaxy,
- serves as the standard candle for TeV gammas) even though it is
- 100,000 times further away. Mk421 is considered to be a "blaser,"
- a category of active galaxy---possibly containing a black hole---that
- emits light strongly across the whole electromagnetic spectrum.
- (Nature, 6 August.)
-
- BUCKYBALL CRYSTALS HAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- that require the existence of a permanent, non-symmetrical
- distribution of electric charge in the material at lower
- temperatures. Below 260 K, C-60 crystals undergo a phase change
- in which the lattice structure changes and the individual molecules
- assume a fixed orientation instead of rotating freely in the lattice.
- Theorists previously believed that the molecules in the low
- temperature phase were oriented in such a way as to ensure a zero
- electric dipole. However, Glenn B. Alers and Brage Golding (517-
- 355-9708) of Michigan State University and their co-workers at
- AT&T Bell Labs found that single C-60 crystals subjected to low-
- frequency electric fields exhibited a dielectric response containing
- frequency-dependent contributions that require the existence of
- permanent dipoles in the material. The researchers propose that
- the dipoles are induced by misoriented C-60 molecules which
- maintain their own spherical symmetries but break the charge
- symmetry of the lattice. These imperfections in the C-60 lattice
- would have implications for the optical and nonlinear properties
- of buckyball films, and may mean that the crystal can interact with
- a wider variety of electromagnetic frequencies than previously
- thought. (Science, 24 July 1992).
-
- **********************************************************************
-
- --
-
- Sendhil Revuluri (s-revuluri@uchicago.edu)
- University of Chicago
-