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NATLDYES.TXT
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1994-11-04
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Social Studies Idea #3
Natural Dyes
Objective:
The students will dye fabric using a natural vegetable dye.
Rationale:
Various fruits and vegetables have long been used as dyes for
fabric by people all over the world. Through this activity,
students can learn alternative uses of fruits and vegetables
while exploring the past. This activity shows students that
plants were not only important for eating, but shows how
plants were important in other parts of peoples' lives.
Materials:
copper or enamel kettle
long-handled wooden spoon
rubber or plastic gloves
laundry detergent
alum
tartar
baking soda
beets
fabric (shirts, socks, etc.)
clothesline & clothespins
Reference Materials:
For further information on the history of dyeing fabrics, see
McGrath, J.W., (1977). Dyes from Lichens and Plants. Toronto:
Van Nostrand Reinhold Ltd, pp. 26 - 27. This reference covers
the importance of dyes on society over the past 3600 years.
Share this interesting information with your students!
Individual Activity:
Have each student bring in a piece of fabric (t-shirt, socks,
handkerchief, etc.) of the same type (i.e. cotton).
*Fabric must be treated with a mordant so that it is colorfast
when dyed. The fabrics may be treated at school (with
cooperation from the cafeteria staff!) or the teacher may
treat them at home.
Directions for this process are included in the next section.
The following directions for dyeing fabric is taken from the
book, The Crowell Book of Arts and Crafts for Children,
pg. 382, by Arnold Arnold. Beets were chosen as the vegetable
dye for this activity.
"Commercial fabric dyes like those used for leather are highly
toxic. They must be kept out of reach of small children, and
even more mature ones should not be allowed to use them.
However, young people can learn to make and use relatively
nontoxic vegetable dyes. But note that even the most harmless
dyes, due to their high concentration, can be irritating to
the skin of some young people.
Before fabric can be dyed it must be treated with a mordant so
that it is colorfast when dyed. The cautions about dyes apply
to mordants too. Young people should wear rubber or plastic
gloves while dyeing cloth, work in well-ventilated areas, and
avoid inhaling the fumes from the boiling mordant and dye
baths.
Preparing wool for dyeing: Wash the fabric thoroughly in warm
water, soap, or detergent. Fill a kettle with the required
amount of water and bring to a boil. Add 1 oz. of alum and
1/4 oz. of tartar for each gallon of water. Immerse the
fabric in the mixture and boil slowly for one hour. Stir the
fabric with a wooden spoon to assure even saturation. Let the
mixture and fabric cool until it can be handled safely, and
then rinse the fabric thoroughly in cool water. Squeeze out
the excess moisture without twisting the wool and let dry
overnight on a clothesline. Whether or not it is completely
dry, the fabric will be ready for its dye bath next day.
Preparing cotton, linen, or rayon fabrics for dyeing: Wash
the fabric as above and boil the water. Add 1 oz. of alum and
1/4 oz. of ordinary baking soda for every gallon of water and
proceed as with wool fabrics.
Preparing the dye bath: Dyes can be made by boiling various
plants, roots, nuts, and berries until the solution reaches
the desired color intensity. Gather plants while they are
young - roots in the fall; leaves as soon as they are full
grown; and berries, seeds, and nuts when they have ripened.
Beets will dye a violet color.
Add the concentrated dye to a kettle of gently boiling water.
Be sure not to fill the kettle more than enough to soak and
cover the fabric. Keep the kettle boiling gently while the
cloth is immersed and keep stirring with a wooden spoon until
the fabric is dyed a color of the desired intensity. Then
remove with the spoon, rinse in clear running water, squeeze
out the excess moisture gently, and hang with clothespins from
a line so that the cloth does not come into contact with
itself or any other surface until it is completely dry."
Related Activities:
* Students may use natural dyes to tie-dye shirts and other
articles of clothing.
* Students can experiment with color by mixing dyes of
various color to form new colors.
* Have all of the students wear their new creations on the
same day and tie beets into the lunch menu.
* Have students come up with different ways of eating
beets.
* Have a day to celebrate the "beet". Eat some beets for
lunch in the cafeteria. (Have the food service manager
tell kids how the beets were prepared -- most likely they
will be canned beets.) Talk about different ways
people eat beets -- beet greens, cooked beets, pickled
beets, borscht (beet soup).
* Discuss with students why eating beets is good for them.
5 A Day Adventures: Social Studies Idea # 3