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- Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 09:02:40 EST
- Sender: "Control Systems Group Network (CSGnet)" <CSG-L@UIUCVMD.BITNET>
- From: Avery Andrews <andaling@FAC.ANU.EDU.AU>
- Subject: Re: formulations & gain
- Lines: 35
-
- [Avery Andrews 930126.0800]
- (Rick Marken 930125)
-
- What you say about Schmidt & Bizzi is all true - I'm not sure what details
- would be more useful. What I think is most significant about the Bizzi
- arm stuff is that deafferented monkeys could do the arm gestures correctly
- within 2-4 days of the operation, much shorter than the normal period
- of recovery of approximately normal function. This suggests to me that
- the arm gestures were *original acquired* as alpha-efferent programs
- (presumably with gamma coactivation), since the behavior seemed to
- survive the operation with minimal effect.
-
- On the other hand, when the starting posture of the elbow was changed, or
- constant loads were applied, the deafferents failed, while the normals
- were able to get it right in a few movements, suggesting that they too
- followed a program first time around, then fixed it.
-
- The head-movement stuff turned out differently: normal head movements took
- about two weeks to emerge, and the pattern of innervations of the normals
- & deafferents were quite different, with the deafferents having a much
- higher level of opponent coactivation, & different shaped trajectories.
- This suggests to me that the intact monkeys turn their heads to a
- kinesthetically defined reference, to confer stability in the face of
- the various postures they might be in, while the deafferents use the
- muscular spring properties to achieve roughly the same effect.
-
- But, for both groups, applying a constant load cause the head to fail to
- attain its final position, (though it almost gets there), attaining
- the final position when the load is removed. Schmidt's interpretation
- of this is that it shows that kinesthetic feedback is not involved in
- specifying the endpoint of these gestures (Bizzi is more cagey in his
- overt conclusions), whereas the facts are also consistent with the
- kinesthetic loop being somewhat low gain.
-
- Avery.Andrews@anu.edu.au
-