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- Path: sparky!uunet!mtnmath!paul
- From: paul@mtnmath.UUCP (Paul Budnik)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: The instantaneous transfer of information in QM calculations
- Message-ID: <481@mtnmath.UUCP>
- Date: 9 Jan 93 23:35:58 GMT
- Organization: Mountain Math Software, P. O. Box 2124, Saratoga. CA 95070
- Lines: 71
-
- The questions and objections to my proof that QM is an incomplete
- theory all relate to the role that wave state reduction plays as
- a *necessary* *intermediate* step in QM calculations. It is easy to see the
- necessity for this step and easy to see how this step introduces
- an ambiguity about what the *macroscopically observable* delays will be.
-
- Following is a standard experimental configuration used in a tests of
- Bell's inequality:
-
-
- |---------\---------------[ ]--------------------/--------|
- Detector Polarizer Photon source Polarizer Detector
- D1 P1 P2 D2
- Site 1 Site 2
-
- This is not drawn to scale The distance between the photon source and
- either polarizer is much greater than the distance between each polarizer
- and its local detector. The experiment is symmetric with the two polarizers
- and the two detectors the same distance from the photon source.
-
- The experiment is conducted in a single inertial frame so that we can
- speak of simultaneous distant events. We want to compute the
- probability of a joint detection at D1 and D2. This probability is
- influenced by the relative angles of P1 and P2. Information
- must be conveyed from *both* P1 and P2 to at least one
- detector to produce the correlation function predicted by
- quantum mechanics. There is no way that such information can be conveyed
- by the linear propagation of the wave function as determined by the
- Schrodinger equation. With that mechanism the shortest time in which such
- information can effect the results is the time it would take light to
- travel from the *more distant* polarizer to the detector. If the
- delay is this long there would be no violation of locality and the
- predictions of QM would be false.
-
- The only way to reproduce the predictions of QM is to reduce the wave
- function as a result of a detection at one site. This *instantaneously*
- alters the singlet state wave function for both particles throughout all space
- and transfers the information about the polarizer where the reduction was
- assumed to occur to the distant detector. (Note I am only talking about how
- one does the calculation. I am making no assumptions about what is `really
- happening'.) One then uses this `reduced wave function' at the other site
- to compute the probability of a detection there. As long as the polarizers
- are not changing this calculation is straight forward and produces the
- standard quantum mechanical predictions.
-
- If the polarizers are changing the calculation become problematic. One
- might assume that since the wave function changes instantaneously it will
- be reduced in accord with polarizer angles at the instant the reduction
- occurs. This would make the delay between when the angles change and
- this has an observable effect 0. This assumption leads to the unfortunate
- conclusion that superluminal communication is possible. All we need do
- is change the experimental configuration so the polarizers are located
- close to the source and redirect the photons with mirrors so the detectors
- can be located close together. Now we can change the angle of the polarizers
- and this will instantaneously change the probability of a joint detection
- at the distant detectors that are next to each other. We can immediately
- detect this and thus we have a superluminal communications channel.
-
- What then does quantum mechanics predict about this delay? The assumption
- that wave function changes instantaneously with an observation is either
- in direct contradiction with special relativity because of the superluminal
- communication channel just described, is too vague to predict what these
- delays are or (most likely) is false. The wave function probably
- changes only in a *local* fashion. Of course the wave function we use
- in calculations must be a composite of our lack of knowledge about a real
- physical wave function and the real distribution of the physical wave
- function. That portion of this function that represents are lack of
- knowledge does change instantaneously with an observation. That portion
- that represents a real physical entity does not.
-
- Paul Budnik
-