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- Xref: sparky sci.philosophy.tech:4681 sci.logic:2534
- Path: sparky!uunet!paladin.american.edu!gatech!asuvax!ncar!noao!arizona!gudeman
- From: gudeman@cs.arizona.edu (David Gudeman)
- Newsgroups: sci.philosophy.tech,sci.logic
- Subject: Re: Expression
- Message-ID: <29144@optima.cs.arizona.edu>
- Date: 4 Jan 93 21:19:59 GMT
- Followup-To: sci.philosophy.tech
- Organization: U of Arizona CS Dept, Tucson
- Lines: 71
-
- In article <1993Jan3.194211.18969@husc3.harvard.edu> Michael Zeleny writes:
- ]In article <C0Apzo.IDG@ccu.umanitoba.ca>
- ]feld@ccu.umanitoba.ca (Michael Feld) writes:
- ]
- ]The language cake can be sliced in many ways, to effect a working
- ]distinction between semantics and pragmatics. I prefer to do it along
- ]Fregean lines, -- the simple idea of force, combined with the relegation
- ]of propositions to the Platonic Third Realm, seems infinitely preferable
- ]to the Husserlian mentalist garbage of Austin & Searle. So pragmatics
- ]becomes, _pace_ Bar-Hillel and Montague, a matter of attending to
- ]deixis.
-
- I don't understand that paragraph, but it looks like you are
- advocating the old idea that communication consists of sentences
- combined with a pragmatic "force". This position is just not tenable
- if you want to describe all communication and not just grammatically
- "correct" sentences.
-
- It has been shown that communication is not clearly demarcable from
- other sorts of behavior except by intention. People can and do
- communicate in original ways, so that the ones that they are
- communicating with must infer their meaning without resort to a
- mutually understood semantics. Also, people engage in speech or other
- apparently communicative behaviors (rolling the eyes, shrugging, etc.)
- with no intention to communicate. There is also the fact that people
- engage in behaviors that are describable by a grammar where there is
- no semantics to the grammer.
-
- The only way to distinguish communication from other behaviors is by
- the intention of the one engaging in the behavior. If someone does
- anything --speak, roll his eyes, send radio signals, play a guitar,
- look at the sky-- with a communicative intention, then his behavior is
- communicative. Furthermore, it seems a bit outrageous to try to apply
- a grammar and semantics to all sorts of human behaviors --particluarly
- when the semantics (and not the pragmatics alone) is dependent on the
- mutual history of those communicating.
-
- I think it is most reasonable to describe communication in a manner
- similar to this: a communicator engages in some behavior with the
- intention to elicit a response from an audience in such a way that the
- response of the audience is due to the audience's recognition of the
- the communicator's intent. Speech (whether verbal, written, gestural,
- morse code, etc.) is merely a set of conventions for communication.
- When you have a set of behaviors, you can describe the set with a
- grammar, and when you have a set of communicative behaviors, you can
- usually apply a semantics to the behaviors. So while speech may have
- syntax and semantics (this itself is not unarguable) it is not the
- case for all communication.
-
- For example: Otis comes into the Mayberry sheriff's office, obviously
- drunk, staggers into a jail cell and closes it. Barny looks at Andy
- and ostensibly rolls his eyes. Barny is communicating something to
- Andy, but what is the semantics of his communication? Is he saying
-
- "Otis is drunk again."
- "Otis found another illegal source of liquor."
- "I'm tired of Otis coming in here."
- "I'm disgusted with Otis's behavior."
- "I think we ought to get more serious about enforcement around here."
- "How come we never get any real criminals so I can use my bullet?"
-
- There is no sentence in the above that has exactly the meaning that
- Barny is communicating, yet they all strike chords of similarity
- though some of them are quite different. Yet Andy grimaces, nods, and
- goes back to work at his desk, Barny --satisfied that his
- communicative intention has been fulfilled-- goes back to his
- telephone conversation with Thelma-Lue, Otis snores loudly, and the
- audience feels that they know what has just occurred.
- --
- David Gudeman
- gudeman@cs.arizona.edu
-