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- From: rizzo@cbnewsf.cb.att.com (anthony.r.rizzo)
- Subject: Milliken experiment
- Message-ID: <1993Jan4.221504.19180@cbfsb.cb.att.com>
- Sender: news@cbfsb.cb.att.com
- Organization: AT&T
- Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 22:15:04 GMT
- Lines: 40
-
- When I was in college, the following experiment was among those
- required of us: with the use of a watch, a microscope and two fiducial
- lines on the lens, we had to time the descent rate of minute
- particles of glass (microspheres). The goal was to determine the
- charge of a single electron from the speed measurements as the
- spheres traversed a known distance in a known electric field.
- In the absence of the electric field, the motion of the spheres
- was somewhat brownian, with a slight bias for gravity. But in
- the presence of the electric field, the spheres reached a terminal
- velocity that was a function of the number of charged particles
- trapped on each sphere.
-
- For the sake of this discussion, the physics of the experiment
- are irrelevant. What is relevant is the technique by which
- Milliken estimated the charge of a single electron. The experiment
- yields a wide distribution of velocities. If all the spheres
- had a single electron trapped upon then, then the distribution
- would be centered about the velocity that corresponded to the
- charge of one electron. But there is no way of knowing how many
- electrons are trapped on any sphere. So, Milliken (and I ;-)
- collected many data points and tried to determine graphically,
- by plotting a histogram, the charge of a single electron.
- The lowest observed peak corresponded to the charge of a single
- electron, and the other observed peaks corresponded to multiples
- of the lowest, approximately.
-
- Needless to say, Milliken was far more successful with this experiment
- than was I. But the question has come up again, in a slightly different
- form. Given a sequential listing, what algorithm can I use (program) to
- determine the various means (or peaks), probability density functions,
- and appropriate summary statistics? I can spot the peaks manually,
- of course, by simply plotting histograms and looking at them. But I
- would like to automate the process, since I might have to study
- hundreds of listings. References are most welcome, of course.
- Thanks.
-
- Tony Rizzo (att.com!hogpb!rizzo)
-
- (greetings Art. How's the weather in CA? ;-)
-
-