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- Posted-Date: Fri, 08 Jan 93 21:20:53 PST
- Message-ID: <199301090520.AA16028@aerospace.aero.org>
- Newsgroups: bit.listserv.csg-l
- Date: Fri, 8 Jan 1993 21:20:53 PST
- Sender: "Control Systems Group Network (CSGnet)" <CSG-L@UIUCVMD.BITNET>
- From: marken@AERO.ORG
- Subject: Is that a fly swatter?
- Lines: 71
-
- [From Rick Marken (930108.2030)]
-
- Greg Williams (920108 - 2)--
-
- >We're back to what is and is not an "S-R" model.
-
- Yep. It's kinda interesting how easy it is to go around in circles
- when talking about a circular model of behavior.
-
- > If fitting parameters with the loop
- >closed makes the model above into a PCT model, rather than an S-R model, why
- >is that?
-
- It's the closing of the loop itself; remember there are two SIMULTANEOUS
- equations that characterize this situation. One equation is your beloved
- S-R model (really, only half of a model);the other equation is the
- R-S model -- our beloved "feedback connection" (the other half of the
- model of the behaving system). So S is both a cause AND a result of R;
- this is just a "closed loop" model of behavior; it is not fair to call
- it SR because that is only half of the story; it is also RS. That last
- part is an important part of the model because 1) it has a hell of a lot
- to do with how the model behaves (when the relationships are set up
- for negative feedback the "behavior" is "control") and 2) it MIGHT not
- actually exist; putting in the RS connection is not a tautology; it is
- a guess (a part of the model) -- the guess is that the S that leads (hypo-
- thetically) to R is ALSO influenced by that very same R. IT MIGHT NOT BE!!
- So the RS connection IS PART OF THE MODEL. There are systems that are SR
- (in that their output is strongly dependent on the input) but whose input
- is not strongly or reliably a result of their output (there is no connection
- from R to S); the two simultaneous equations of the control model could be
- shown to be a demonstrably WRONG model of such a system. A computer is
- an example of such a system. Its behavior is completely comprehensible in
- SR terms; one can ignore any RS connection (which usually exists in the
- form of an operator basing new inputs on previously produced outputs --
- this RS link is very weak; the feedback link between output and input
- is VERY loosely coupled). The test of all this is that you can describe the
- behavior of a computer EXTREMELY accurately in SR (actually S-O-R) terms;
- no RS connection need be considered.
-
- So an SR model is PART and PARCEL of the control model. But I would not,
- therefore, give behaviorists any credit for noticing it (they usually
- noticed the wrong one anyway -- taking the disturbance rather than
- the sensory effects of the disturbance as S, which, of course, could be
- quite unlike the disturbance due to the feedback effects). You seem to
- want to give the behaviorists credit for equation (1) in my "blindmen"
- paper, which says, essentially, that R = f(S) where S is the SENSORY
- stimulus. But this is giving them credit for what everyone knew since
- Descartes -- the world influences our sensors which cause afferent neural
- impulses which cause efferent neural impulses which cause responses.
- This picture is essentially correct (qualitatively) but the functional
- picture changes when you take into account the fact that responses are
- CONTINUOUSLY influencing the very sensory events that are causing them.
- The functional result of this closed loop relationship (with negative
- feedback and high gain) is CONTROL of the sensory input -- relative
- to an EXPLICIT OR IMPLICIT reference value; even if there is NO reference
- signal, the sensory input will be held at a value that corresponds
- (approximately) to a value of sensory signal that corresponds to ZERO
- efferent (error) signal (which might be zero sensory signal).
-
- So I'm not impressed by the fact that the behaviorists know that R = F(S)
- or that they sometimes even admit the S = G(R). What they don't seem to
- know is that these two little facts, taken simultaneously, make it
- possible to understand how organisms behave purposefully ( by
- controlling their own sensory input). But understanding this phenomenon
- doesn't seem to be the purpose of behaviorists -- so they can avoid the
- problem by looking at only half of the loop at a time; kind of a half-vast
- approach.
-
- Best
-
- Rick
-