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- Newsgroups: rec.audio.car
- Path: sparky!uunet!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!wupost!spool.mu.edu!eng.ufl.edu!tunica.eel.ufl.edu!brian
- From: brian@tunica.eel.ufl.edu (Brian Gentry)
- Subject: Re: dB, volts vs. watts (was Re: Why so much power?
- Message-ID: <1993Jan2.204415.1166@eng.ufl.edu>
- Sender: news@eng.ufl.edu (Usenet Diskhog System)
- Organization: UF EE Department (student)
- References: <26130135@hpcc01.corp.hp.com> <1992Dec30.132026.1044@cmkrnl.com> <demaine.725929293@ee.ualberta.ca> <C07G4n.MHF@ecf.toronto.edu>
- Distribution: na
- Date: Sat, 2 Jan 93 20:44:15 GMT
- Lines: 52
-
- There seems to be a lot of confusion about what dB is. dB is a power
- ratio. This is very important so I'll say it again: dB is a power
- ratio. Terms like dBV and dBW don't really have any meaning. Before
- I'm attacked let me explain. The DEFINITION of dB is:
-
- dB gain = 10 * log{base 10}[power_out/power_in]
-
- So, if you have a black box with a set of input terminals and a set of
- output terminals you can measure the dB gain from one port to the other
- (a port is two terminals which voltage is applied to).
-
- The confusion comes when you don't have a watt-meter to measure the power
- with. Most engineers know the formulas V=I*R and P=I*V. You can combine
- these to get P = V^2/R. Substituting this for the powers in the definition
- of dB you get:
-
- dB gain = 10 * log[(Vout^2 * Rin) /(Vin^2 * Rout)]
-
- Now if (and only if) the input resistance (Rin) is equal to the output
- resistance (Rout), they cancel leaving us with:
-
- dB gain = 10 * log[ Vout^2/Vin^2 ]
-
- This simplifies (using laws of logarithms) to:
-
- dB gain = 20 * log[Vout/Vin]
-
- Unfortunately most manufacturers and engineers have forgoten that the
- output resistance MUST be equal to the input resistance in order to
- use this last form. Because of this, we get lots of meaningless units
- like dBV. To be fair, dBV does tell you the ratio of voltages--and this
- is useful. Unfortunately dBV has very little relation to the definition
- of dB. dBV is NOT a POWER ratio.
-
- To add even more confusion, acoustical phenomenon are quantified using
- dB. So we see formulas for SPL that contain 20 * log[Pressure1/Pressure2].
- This formula doesn't really measure a power ratio of any black box. It
- compares a measured pressure to a reference pressure. This reference pressure
- is assumed to be radiating in the the same ACOUSTIC impedance as the pressure
- being compared. This should hold true for any measurement made in full space
- at close to standard temperature and standard pressure. (25 deg. C and 1 atm).
-
- As someone else mentioned "dBA" is an A-weighted measurement of SPL.
- A-weighting is only valid for SPLs in the vicinity of 60 dB. This makes
- it very inappropriate for most real world audio situations. Because it
- rolls of the highs and the lows, it can make a piece of noisy equipment
- seem less noisy by lessening the effects of the high and low frequency
- noise. Manufacturers the specify any of their ratings in dBA are not
- showing the whole picture.
-
- Brian L. Gentry
- (brian@sioux.eel.ufl.edu)
-