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- From: stead@skadi.CSS.GOV (Richard Stead)
- Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
- Subject: Re: life, Moon and geology
- Message-ID: <51504@seismo.CSS.GOV>
- Date: 19 Nov 92 00:23:05 GMT
- References: <1992Nov11.175421.19955@mailer.cc.fsu.edu>
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-
- In article <1992Nov11.175421.19955@mailer.cc.fsu.edu>, cain@geomag.gly.fsu.edu (Joe Cain) writes:
- > First, we have read arguments that life would not have started
- > or evolved on Earth at all if we did not have such a large Moon. That
- > is, there would not have been tidal pools in which organics could
- > concentrate, and the Earth's axis would not have been so stable.
- > Because the moon's of Mars are such tiny captured asteroids its axis
- > wobbled more and long term seasonal variations would have helped wipe
- > any life that had started there during the period when it must have
- > been much warmer and wetter. Any comments on this scenario?
-
- One, mars has no life because its low gravity prevents it from having sufficient
- atmosphere. It is also far enough from the sun to be too cold. Axis
- stability is not a question here - having a moon would make the axis less
- stable. Axis stability is determined by the stability of the angular
- momentum of the planet. Having a moon can disrupt that. Regarding
- tidal pools - yes, a moon is required. But mars likely had only a very
- short period of time during which there was any liquid water (and mainly
- due to volcanic activity). Venus never had liquid water. Having tide
- pools don't help much if there's no water to make a tide.
-
- > After life started on Earth so as to raise the oxygen level
- > from near zero creatures evolved with shells so the carbon dioxide
- > started to be captured in the shells that ended up as carbonate rocks.
-
- No. oxygen levels were already high by the time multi-cellular organisms
- appeared. 3 billion years of algae produced oxygen by photosynthesis.
- The carbon was most probably locked up as organic molecules. Carbonate
- deposits were probably inorganic. Even stromatolitic limestones were
- a pretty late development.
-
- > greenhouse affect of all the water vapor and CO2 was diminished. (The
- > increase in oxygen allowed ozone to form and organisms to survive in
- > the sunshine filtered of its hard UV). Was this decrease of
- > temperature a significant factor in allowing plate tectonics to
- > develop? What would have been the temperature of Earth had the CO2 not
- > been removed?
-
- Plate tectonics started as soon as the surface of the new earth was cool enough
- that some magma could solidify. If anything, it has diminished with time.
- It is driven by the thermal gradient between the outer core and the surface.
- The outer core is at 12000K. It reall doesn't make much difference if the
- earth's surface is at 0K or 350K, the outer core temperature dominates.
- The presence of liquid water on the surface, however, does change some
- of the surface characteristics of plate tectonics (mountains can't get very
- high since they erode, volcanoes form on back arcs partly due to subducted
- water, spreading ridges are mostly underwater, so the volcanism there is
- pretty quite).
-
- > An alternate question might be what would happen to the
- > geologic processes and atmosphere and oceans on Earth if all life were
- > suddenly removed? Would the atmosphere stay the same or would the oxygen
- > oxidize the materials in the crust and the volcanoes start to rebuild
- > the CO2 concentration, eventually leading to a runaway greenhouse like
- > Venus? If the surface were warmed significantly, would this begin to
-
- No runaway. Greenhouse would raise the temperature, but nowhere near that
- of Venus, we would still have liquid water.
-
- > slow down the heat loss from the interior, raise mantle temperatures,
- > and make subduction more difficult so Earth would resort to the blob
- > tectonics that is seen on Venus to get rid of its heat?
-
- No, as explained, the temperature differential drives tectonics and
- is not significantly affected by the surface temperature. Tectonic
- style on earth differs from that on Venus partly due to whole-planet
- compositional differences, partly due to the presence of liquid water.
-
-
- --
- Richard Stead
- Center for Seismic Studies
- Arlington, VA
- stead@seismo.css.gov
-