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- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Subject: Re: HELP. TEST FOR EXTREMA IN f(x,y,z)
- Message-ID: <a_rubin.712451081@dn66>
- From: a_rubin@dsg4.dse.beckman.com (Arthur Rubin)
- Date: 29 Jul 92 23:04:41 GMT
- References: <1992Jul29.010542.8650@eng.ufl.edu>
- Keywords: Partial derivatives, Extrema, function of 3 variables.
- Nntp-Posting-Host: dn66.dse.beckman.com
- Lines: 58
-
- In <1992Jul29.010542.8650@eng.ufl.edu> armando@synapse.ee.ufl.edu (Armando Barreto) writes:
-
-
- >Hello,
-
- >Most Calculus books include a theorem like this to test extrema of a function
- >of two variables (This one taken from Calculus .. by Swokowsky):
-
- >Let f(x,y) be a function of two variables which has continuous second partial
- >derivatives on a rectangular region Q, and let
-
- > g(x,y) = fxx(x,y)fyy(x,y) - [fxy(x,y)]^2
- >
- >for all (x,y) in Q. If (a,b) is in Q and fx(a,b)=0, fy(a,b) =0, then the
- >following statements hold.
-
- >(i) f(a,b) is a local maximum if g(a,b)>0 and fxx(a,b) < 0.
- >(ii) f(a,b) is a local maximum if g(a,b)>0 and fxx(a,b) > 0.
- >(iii) f(a,b) is not an extremum of f if g(a,b)<0.
-
- ><<< NOTATION: fx(x,y) is the first partioal w.r.t. x, fxx(x,y) is the second
- >partial w.r.t. x and fxy(x,y) is the second mixed partial >>>
-
- >My question is :
-
- >IS THERE SUCH A TEST FOR EXTREMA IN A FUNCTION OF 3 VARIABLES :f(x,y,z) ?
-
- Actually there is; someone else will have to provide a reference, but:
-
- (i) f(a,b) is a local maximum if the Hessian is negative definite
- (ii) f(a,b) is a local minimum if the Hessian is positive definite
- (iii) f(a,b) is a local minimum if the Hessian is indefinite.
-
- The Hessian, of course is the matrix of 2nd partial derivatives.
-
- A matrix is positive definite
- iff all eigenvalues are positive
- iff all diagonal submatrices have positive determinate
- iff all upper-left square submatrices have positive determinate
-
- A matrix is negative definite
- iff all eigenvalues are negative
- iff all diagonal submatrices have determinate sign (-1)^m
- iff all upper-left square submatrices have determinate sign (-1)^m
-
- A matrix is indefinite
- iff all there are both positive and negative eigenvalues
- iff it is not singular and is neither positive nor negative definite
-
- (All of the equivalences are only for symmetric matrices.)
-
-
-
- --
- Arthur L. Rubin: a_rubin@dsg4.dse.beckman.com (work) Beckman Instruments/Brea
- 216-5888@mcimail.com 70707.453@compuserve.com arthur@pnet01.cts.com (personal)
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