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- Newsgroups: comp.ai
- Path: sparky!uunet!til!til!erik
- From: erik@til.til.com (Erik Horstkotte)
- Subject: Re: fuzzy logic, lisp, AI
- Message-ID: <1992Jul22.165905.25872@til.til.com>
- Keywords: fuzzy logic lisp AI
- Sender: erik@til (Erik Horstkotte)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: til
- Organization: Togai InfraLogic, Inc.
- References: <35902@sdcc12.ucsd.edu>
- Date: Wed, 22 Jul 1992 16:59:05 GMT
- Lines: 128
-
- In article <35902@sdcc12.ucsd.edu>, arao@sdcc13.ucsd.edu (Andy Rao)
- writes:
- |> [...]
- |> one more thing, could somone give me a good definition of fuzzy
- |> logic? my concept of it is...fuzzy at best. :)
-
- Fuzzy logic, first discussed by Dr. Lotfi Zadeh of U.C. Berkeley around
- 1960, is a superset of conventional Boolean logic that allows
- truth values in the interval [0, 1], instead of just the set { 0, 1 }.
- There is a rigorous set of mathematical operations that define how
- the logic system works. The most common definitions for the basic
- operations are:
-
- truth(x AND y) = min (truth(x), truth(y))
- truth(x OR y) = max (truth(x), truth(y))
- truth(NOT x) = 1 - truth(x)
-
- where x and y are truth (degree of belief, degree of membership) values.
- Note that these are *not* cast in concrete. Several researchers in
- the field believe that some other ways of defining the operations
- yield more meaningful results. Personally, I'll stick with the
- traditional definitions above until someone *proves* there's a reason
- to change (other than to get him a Ph.D. :-).
-
- Fuzzy logic on its own isn't used terribly often. It appears most
- commonly as the underlying logic for an extension of the idea of an
- expert system, called (well what do you know, Vern) a fuzzy expert
- system.
-
- A fuzzy expert system is basically an expert system which uses fuzzy
- logic for all of the logic operations instead of Boolean logic. The
- mathematical details are slightly messy (especially trying to draw
- pictures in ASCII!), and are well described in several books (A
- short bibliography follows).
-
- If you want, I can send you a short printed introduction to fuzzy
- logic that we distribute to our potentional customers - Togai
- InfraLogic is an Irvine, CA based company that develops and sells
- fuzzy logic and fuzzy expert system software development systems,
- hardware development systems, chip- and board-level products, and
- engineering services.
-
- The following bibliography is
- 1. Very incomplete.
- 2. Slanted toward stuff we have found useful.
-
- Books
-
- Kaufmann, Arnold and Gupta, Madan M., Introduction to Fuzzy Arithmetic:
- Theory and Applications, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Ltd.,
- 1985. 350 pp.
-
- Klir, George J. and Folger, Tina A., Fuzzy Sets, Uncertainty, and
- Information, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988. 355 pp.
-
- Kosko, Bart A., Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems, Prentice-Hall, 1990.
-
- Mamdani, E.H. and Gaines, B.R., Fuzzy Reasoning and its Applications,
- New York: Academic Press, 1981. 380 pp.
-
- Negoita, Constantin Virgil, Fuzzy Systems, Cybernetics and Systems
- Series, Abacus Press, 1981. 120 pp.
-
- Sugeno, Michio, Industrial Applications of Fuzzy Control, New York:
- North-Holland, 1985. 270 pp.
-
- Togai, M., Reasoning with Uncertainty for Rule-based Expert Systems,
- John Wiley & Sons, in progress.
-
- Zimmermann, Hans J., Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications, Boston MA:
- Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing, 1985. 360 pp.
-
- Papers
-
- Asai, K. and Tanaka, H., "Applications of Fuzzy Sets Theory to
- Decision-Making and Control," J. JAACE, 19, 235-242, 1975.
-
- Bezdek, J.C., "Fuzzy Mathematics in Pattern Classification," Ph.D.
- Dissertation, Center for Applied Mathematics, Cornell University, 1973.
-
- Blin, J.M., "Fuzzy Relations in Group Decision Theory," Journal of
- Cybernetics, 4, 17-22, 1974.
-
- Kosko, Bart A., "Foundations of Fuzzy Estimation Theory," Ph.D.
- Dissertation, University of California, Irvine, 1987.
-
- Larkin, Lawrence I., "A Fuzzy Controller for Aircraft Flight Control,"
- Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Decision and Control, Las Vegas,
- NV, December 1984.
-
- Togai, M., "Principles and Applications of Fuzzy Inference: A New
- Approach for Decision-making in an Ill-defined System," Ph.D.
- Dissertation, Duke University, 1982.
-
- Togai, M. and Watanabe, H., "An Inference Engine for Real-Time
- Approximate Reasoning: Toward an Expert System on a Chip," IEEE Expert,
- August 1986.
-
- Yasunobu S., Miyamoto S., and Ihara H., "Fuzzy Control for Automatic
- Train Operation System," IFAC-CISSS, 4th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS Conference on
- Control in Transportation Systems, Baden-Baden, F.R.G., April 1983.
-
- Zadeh, L.A., "Fuzzy Sets," Information and Control, 8, 338-353, 1965.
-
- Zadeh, L.A., "A Rationale for Fuzzy Control," Journal of Dynamic
- Systems, Measurement and Control, G94, 3-4, 1972.
-
- Zadeh, L.A., "Fuzzy Logic and Approximate Reasoning," Synthese, 30,
- 407-428, 1975.
-
- PS: C'mon, guy, get a shift key! :-)
-
- PPS: My apologies for the length of this response, but I think a lot of
- other people out there are looking for a starting place in fuzzy
- logic also.
-
- PPPS: If you want a starting place for investigating fuzzy logic and
- fuzzy expert systems, my opinion is to start with either George Klir
- or Hans Zimmermann's book. I'm not really fond of Bart Kosko's book
- (but it's hard to tell how much of that is just my reaction to Bart!).
- Don't overlook the conference proceedings of NAFIPS (the North
- American Fuzzy Information Processing Society) and IFSA (the
- International Fuzzy Systems Association). They are full of
- interesting ideas about the use and theory of fuzzy logic.
- --
- Erik Horstkotte, Manager, Software Development, Togai InfraLogic, Inc.
- erik@til.til.com, uunet!til!erik - (714) 975-8522
- Standard disclaimer: the preceding are my opinions, not TIL's.
-