Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/60.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 15KB | 356 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Croat.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Croatia"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Croatia, click {z,"11.693640,41.975072,20.827452,48.966852",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and
Slovenia

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 56,538 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 56,410 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than West Virginia

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2,073 km
{3}border countries:{4} Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia and Montenegro 266
km (241 km with Serbia; 25 km with Montenego), Slovenia 546 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 5,790 km (mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km)

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
{3}continental shelf:{4} 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

{2}International disputes:{4} Eastern Slavonia, which was held by ethnic Serbs during the war, is
currently being overseen by the UN Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia; reintegration
of Eastern Slavonia into Croatia will occur in 1997; although Croatia does not recognize the
"Federal Republic of Yugoslavia," both countries have agreed to open consular sections in each
other's capitals; Croatia and Italy have not resolved a bilateral issue dating from WWII over
property and ethnic minority rights; a border dispute with Slovenia is unresolved

{2}Climate:{4} Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and
cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

{2}Terrain:{4} geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands
near Adriatic coast, coastline, and islands
{3}lowest point:{4} Adriatic Sea 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Dinara 1,830 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica,
mica, clays, salt

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 32%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 20%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 18%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 15%
{3}other:{4} 15%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} NA sq km

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the
forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; widespread casualties and
destruction of infrastructure in border areas affected by civil strife

{2}natural hazards:{4} frequent and destructive earthquakes

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Air Pollution, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear
Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air
Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea

{2}Geographic note:{4} controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish
Straits


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 5,004,112 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 18% (male 453,142; female 431,118)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 69% (male 1,731,200; female 1,716,824)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 13% (male 252,897; female 418,931) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 0.58% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 9.83 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 11.33 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} 7.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.06 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1.01 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.6 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.95 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 10.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 72.81 years
{3}male:{4} 69.13 years
{3}female:{4} 76.72 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 1.4 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Croat(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Croatian

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Croat 78%, Serb 12%, Muslim 0.9%, Hungarian 0.5%, Slovenian 0.5%, others
8.1% (1991)

{2}Religions:{4} Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Slavic Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 0.4%, others and
unknown 10.8%

{2}Languages:{4} Serbo-Croatian 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czechoslovak, and
German)

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1991 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 97%
{3}male:{4} 99%
{3}female:{4} 95%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Croatia
{3}conventional short form:{4} Croatia
{3}local long form:{4} Republika Hrvatska
{3}local short form:{4} Hrvatska

{2}Type of government:{4} parliamentary democracy

{2}Capital:{4} Zagreb

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 21 counties (zupanijas, zupanija - singular): Bjelovar-Bilogora, City of
Zagreb, Dubrovnik-Neretva, Istra, Karlovac, Koprivnica-Krizevci, Krapina-Zagorje, Lika-Senj,
Medimurje, Osijek-Baranja, Pozega-Slavonija, Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Sibenik, Sisak-Moslavina,
Slavonski Brod-Posavina, Split-Dalmatia, Varazdin, Virovitica-Podravina, Vukovar-Srijem, Zadar-
Knin, Zagreb

{2}Independence:{4} 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

{2}National holiday:{4} Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)

{2}Constitution:{4} adopted on 22 December 1990

{2}Legal system:{4} based on civil law system

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Franjo TUDJMAN (since 30 May 1990) was elected for a five-year term
by universal suffrage; election last held 4 August 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Franjo
TUDJMAN reelected with about 56% of the vote; his opponent Dobroslav PARAGA received 5%
of the vote
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Zlatko MATESA (since NA November 1995) and Deputy
Prime Ministers Mate GRANIC (since 8 September 1992), Ivica KOSTOVIC (since 14 October
1993), Jure RADIC (since NA October 1994), Borislav SKEGRO (since 3 April 1993), and Ljerka
MINTAS-HODAS (since November 1995) were appointed by the president
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers was appointed by the president

{2}Legislative branch:{4} bicameral parliament Assembly (Sabor)
House of Districts (Zupanije Dom): elections last held 7 and 21 February 1993 (next to be held NA
February 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (68 total; 63 elected, 5 presidentially
appointed) HDZ 37, HSLS 16, HSS 5, Istrian Democratic Assembly 3, SPH-SDP 1, HNS 1
House of Representatives (Zastupnicki Dom): elections last held 29 October 1995 (next to be held
NA 1999); results - HDZ 45.23%, HSS/IDS/HNS/HKDU/SBHS 18.26%, HSLS 11.55%, SDP
8.93%, HSP 5.01%; seats - (127 total) HDZ 75, HSLS 12, HSS 10, SDP 10, IDS 4, HSP 4, HNS
2, SNS 2, HND 1, ASH 1, HKDU 1, SBHS 1, independents 4

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court, judges appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of
the Republic, which is elected by the Chamber of Representatives; Constitutional Court, judges
appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the
Chamber of Representatives

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), Franjo TUDJMAN, president;
Croatian Democratic Independents (HND), Stjepan MESIC, president; Croatian Social Liberal
Party (HSLS), Vlado GOTOVAC, president; Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP), Ivica
RACAN; Croatian Party of Rights (HSP), Ante DAPIC; Croatian Peasants' Party (HSS), Josip
PANKRETIC; Croatian People's Party (HNS), Radimir CACIC, president; Serbian National Party
(SNS), Milan DJUKIC; Action of the Social Democrats of Croatia (ASH), Miko TRIPALO; Croatian
Christian Democratic Union (HKDU), Marko VASELICA, president; Istrian Democratic Assembly
(IDS), Ivan JACKOVIC; Slanvonsko-Baranja Croatian Party (SBHS)

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} NA

{2}International organization participation:{4} CCC, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO,
ITU, NAM (observer), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WToO, WTrO (applicant)

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Miomir ZUZUL
{3}chancery:{4} 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} New York

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Peter W. GALBRAITH
{3}embassy:{4} Andrije Hebranga 2, Zagreb
{3}mailing address:{4} US Embassy, Zagreb, Unit 1345, APO AE 09213-1345
{3}telephone:{4} [385] (41) 455-55-00
{3}FAX:{4} [385] (41) 455-85-85

{2}Flag:{4} red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Republic of Croatia, after Slovenia,
was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita output perhaps one-third above
the Yugoslav average. Croatia faces considerable economic problems stemming from: the legacy
of longtime communist mismanagement of the economy; large foreign debt; damage during the
internecine fighting to bridges, factories, power lines, buildings, and houses; the large refugee
population, both Croatian and Bosnian; and the disruption of economic ties to Serbia and the other
former Yugoslav republics, as well as within its own territory. Western aid and investment,
especially in the tourist and oil industries, would help restore the economy. The government has
been successful in some reform efforts including stabilization policies and has normalized
relations with creditors. Yet it still is struggling with privatization of large state enterprises and with
bank reform. The draft 1996 budget, which had raised concerns about inflation, capitalizes on the
"peace dividend" to boost expenditures on the repair and upgrading of infrastructure.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $20.1 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 1.5% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $4,300 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 12.7%
{3}industry:{4} 30.6%
{3}services:{4} 56.7% (1993 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 3.7% (1995)

{2}Labor force:{4} 1.444 million (1995)
{3}by occupation:{4} industry and mining 31.1%, agriculture 4.3%, government 19.1% (including
education and health), other 45.5% (1993)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 18.1% (January 1996)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $3.86 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $3.72 billion, including capital expenditures of $320 million (1994 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled
steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding,
petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 0.9% (1995 est.)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 3,630,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 11.234 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 2,000 kWh (1993 est.)

{2}Agriculture:{4} wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, alfalfa, clover, olives, citrus, grapes,
vegetables; livestock breeding, dairy farming

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} transit point for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe

{2}Exports:{4} $4.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994)
{3}commodities:{4} machinery and transport equipment 13.6%, miscellaneous manufactures 27.6%,
chemicals 14.2%, food and live animals 12.2%, raw materials 6.1%, fuels and lubricants 9.4%,
beverages and tobacco 2.7% (1993)
{3}partners:{4} Germany 22.9%, Italy 21.2%, Slovenia 18.3% (1993)

{2}Imports:{4} $5.2 billion (c.i.f., 1994)
{3}commodities:{4} machinery and transport equipment 23.1%, fuels and lubricants 8.8%, food and live
animals 9.0%, chemicals 14.2%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 16.0%, raw materials
3.5%, beverages and tobacco 1.4% (1993)
{3}partners:{4} Germany, Italy, Slovenia, Iran

{2}External debt:{4} $3.15 billion (September 1995)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $NA
{3}note:{4} IMF has given Croatia $192 million; World Bank has given Croatia $100 million

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Croatian kuna (HRK) = 100 paras

{2}Exchange rates:{4} Croatian kuna per US$1 - 5.405 (January 1996), 5.230 (1995), 5.996 (1994),
3.577 (1993)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2,699 km
standard gauge: 2,699 km 1.435-m gauge (1213 km electrified)
{3}note:{4} disrupted by territorial dispute with Serbia (1994)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 27,378 km
{3}paved:{4} 22,176 km (including 302 km of expressways)
{3}unpaved:{4} 5,202 km (1991 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} 785 km perennially navigable

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 670 km; petroleum products 20 km; natural gas 310 km (1992); note - under
repair following territorial dispute

{2}Ports:{4} Dubrovnik, Omisalj, Ploce, Pula, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split, Zadar

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 39 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 203,495 GRT/252,818 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} bulk 2, cargo 23, chemical tanker 1, container 3, oil tanker 1, passenger 2,
refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 4
{3}note:{4} Croatia owns an additional 140 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,368,035 DWT operating
under the registries of Malta, Liberia, Cyprus, Panama, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, and
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 68
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 6
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 3
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 47
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 7 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 2 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 1.216 million (1993 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4}
{3}domestic:{4} NA
{3}international:{4} no satellite earth stations

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 14, FM 8, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} 1.1 million

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 12 (repeaters 2)

{2}Televisions:{4} 1.52 million (1992 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Frontier Guard, Home
Guard

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 1,314,718
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 1,046,490
males reach military age (19) annually: 34,914 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} 337 billion to 393 billion dinars, NA% of GDP (1993 est.); note - conversion
of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading
results