Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/61.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 14KB | 335 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Cuba.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Cuba"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Cuba, click {z,"-83.160427,13.621933,-64.834191,27.640190",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, south of
Florida

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 110,860 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 110,860 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 29 km
border country: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km
{3}note:{4} Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains part of Cuba

{2}Coastline:{4} 3,735 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
{3}exclusive economic zone:{4} 200 nm
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutual
agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease

{2}Climate:{4} tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May
to October)

{2}Terrain:{4} mostly flat to rolling plains with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast
{3}lowest point:{4} Caribbean Sea 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Pico Turquino 2,005 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica, petroleum

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 23%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 6%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 23%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 17%
{3}other:{4} 31%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 8,960 sq km (1989)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} pollution of Havana Bay; overhunting threatens wildlife populations; deforestation

{2}natural hazards:{4} the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to October (in general, the
country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Desertification, Marine Life Conservation

{2}Geographic note:{4} largest country in Caribbean


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 10,951,334 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 22% (male 1,256,674; female 1,191,652)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 68% (male 3,753,343; female 3,736,043)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 10% (male 478,630; female 534,992) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 0.44% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 13.37 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 7.39 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.06 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.06 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.9 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 1 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 9 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 75.05 years
{3}male:{4} 72.71 years
{3}female:{4} 77.54 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 1.52 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Cuban(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Cuban

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%

{2}Religions:{4} nominally Roman Catholic 85% prior to CASTRO assuming power; Protestants,
Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also represented

{2}Languages:{4} Spanish

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 95.7%
{3}male:{4} 96.2%
{3}female:{4} 95.3%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Cuba
{3}conventional short form:{4} Cuba
{3}local long form:{4} Republica de Cuba
{3}local short form:{4} Cuba

{2}Type of government:{4} Communist state

{2}Capital:{4} Havana

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 14 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality*
(municipio especial); Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La Habana, Granma,
Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio,
Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara

{2}Independence:{4} 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898
to 1902)

{2}National holiday:{4} Rebellion Day, 26 July (1953); Liberation Day, 1 January (1959)

{2}Constitution:{4} 24 February 1976

{2}Legal system:{4} based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal
theory; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

{2}Suffrage:{4} 16 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
chief of state and head of government: President of the Council of State and President of the
Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (prime minister from February 1959 until 24 February
1976 when office was abolished; president since 2 December 1976) and First Vice President of
the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz
(since 2 December 1976) were elected by the National Assembly
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers were proposed by the president of the Council of State, appointed by
the National Assembly
Council of State: members elected by the National Assembly

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
National Assembly of People's Power (Asemblea Nacional del P: elections last held NA February
1993 (next to be held NA 1998); seats - 589 total, elected directly from slates approved by special
candidacy commissions

{2}Judicial branch:{4} People's Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo Popular), president, vice president,
and other judges are elected by the National Assembly

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} only party - Cuban Communist Party (PCC), Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first
secretary

{2}International organization participation:{4} CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD,
IFRCS, ILO, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA
(observer), NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), PCA, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4} none; note - Cuba has an Interests Section in the Swiss
Embassy, headed by Principal Officer Fernando REMIREZ DE ESTENOZ; address: Cuban
Interests Section, Swiss Embassy, 2639 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009; telephone: [1]
[phone] through 8520

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4} none; note - the US does have an Interests Section in the Swiss
Embassy, headed by Principal Officer Joseph G. SULLIVAN; address: USINT, Swiss Embassy,
Calzada Entre L Y M, Vedado Seccion, Havana; telephone: 33-3551 through 3559, 33-3543
through 3547 (operator assistance required); FAX: 33-3700; protecting power in Cuba is
Switzerland

{2}Flag:{4} five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral
triangle based on the hoist side bears a white five-pointed star in the center


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} The state retains a primary role in the economy and controls practically all
foreign trade. The government has undertaken several reforms in recent years designed to stem
excess liquidity, raise labor incentives, and increase the availability of food, consumer goods, and
services from depressed levels. The liberalized agricultural markets introduced in October 1994,
where state and private farms are authorized to sell any above-quota production at unrestricted
prices, have broadened legal consumption alternatives and reduced black market prices. The
government's efforts to reduce subsidies to loss-making enterprises and shrink the money supply
caused the black market exchange rate to move from a peak of 120 pesos to the dollar in the
summer of 1994 to 25-30 pesos to the dollar at yearend 1995. The number of self-employed
workers licensed by the government increased more slowly in 1995, from 160,000 at yearend
1994 to 190,000 in July 1995 and to about 210,000 in January 1996. Discussions continue within
the leadership over the relative affluence of self-employed workers and the growing inequality of
income in what has historically been a strictly egalitarian society. The government released new
economic data in 1995 which showed a 35% decline in GDP during 1989-1993, a drop
precipitated by the withdrawal of massive Soviet aid and prolonged by Cuba's own economic
inefficiencies. The decline in GDP apparently was halted in 1994, and government officials claim
that GDP increased by 2.5% in 1995. Export earnings rose by 20% in 1995 to $1.6 billion, largely
on the strength of higher world prices for key commodities and increased production of nickel
through joint ventures with a Canadian firm. Higher export revenues and new credits from
European firms and Mexico enabled Havana to increase its imports for the first time in six years.
Imports rose 21% to almost $2.4 billion, or 30% of the 1989 level. Officials have sharply criticized
provisions of legislation under consideration in the US Congress, which aims to curtail third-
country investment in expropriated US properties in Cuba and deny official assistance to Havana.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $14.7 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 2.5% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $1,300 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 7%
{3}industry:{4} 30%
{3}services:{4} 63% (1994)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} NA%

{2}Labor force:{4} 4.71 million economically active population (1989); 3,527,000 employed in state
civilian sector (1989)
{3}by occupation:{4} services and government 30%, industry 22%, agriculture 20%, commerce 11%,
construction 10%, transportation and communications 7% (June 1990)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} NA%

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $NA
{3}expenditures:{4} $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

{2}Industries:{4} sugar, petroleum, food, tobacco, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals
(particularly nickel), cement, fertilizers, consumer goods, agricultural machinery

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 6% (1995 est.)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 3,990,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 12 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 1,022 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} sugarcane, tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice, potatoes and other tubers, beans; livestock

{2}Exports:{4} $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} sugar, nickel, shellfish, tobacco, medical products, citrus, coffee
{3}partners:{4} Canada 15%, China 15%, Russia 15% (1995 est.)

{2}Imports:{4} $2.4 billion (c.i.f., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} petroleum, food, machinery, chemicals
{3}partners:{4} Spain 15%, Mexico 15%, Russia 10%, (1995 est.)

{2}External debt:{4} $9.1 billion (convertible currency,1995); another $20 billion owed to Russia (1995)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $NA

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Cuban peso (Cu$) = 100 centavos

{2}Exchange rates:{4} Cuban pesos (Cu$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (non-convertible, official rate, linked to the
US dollar)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 4,677 km
standard gauge: 4,677 km 1.435-m gauge (132 km electrified)
{3}note:{4} a large amount of track is in private use by sugar plantations

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 26,500 km
{3}paved:{4} 14,575 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 11,925 km (1996 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} 240 km

{2}Ports:{4} Cienfuegos, La Habana, Manzanillo, Mariel, Matanzas, Nuevitas, Santiago de Cuba

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 220,870 GRT/310,169 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} cargo 17, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 4, oil tanker 9, passenger-cargo 1,
refrigerated cargo 9
{3}note:{4} Cuba owns an additional 47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 462,517 DWT operating
under the registries of Panama, Cyprus, Malta, Belize, and Mauritius (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 156
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 7
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 7
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 14
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 9
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 87
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 31 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 430,000 (1987 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} among the world's least developed telephone systems
{3}domestic:{4} NA
{3}international:{4} satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean Region)

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 150, FM 5, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} 2.14 million (1993 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 58

{2}Televisions:{4} 2.5 million (1993 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR) includes ground forces, Revolutionary Navy (MGR),
Air and Air Defense Force (DAAFAR), Territorial Troops Militia (MTT), and Youth Labor Army
(EJT); Interior Ministry Border Guards (TGF)

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 3,053,431
females age 15-49: 3,009,852
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 1,898,644
females fit for military service: 1,866,313
males reach military age (17) annually: 65,182
females reach military age (17) annually: 61,960 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $NA, roughly 4% of GDP (1995 est.)
Defense note: Moscow, for decades the key military supporter and supplier of Cuba, cut off
almost all military aid by 1993