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{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Angol.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Angola"}
{4}Note: Civil war has been the norm since independence from Portugal on 11 November 1975; a
cease-fire lasted from 31 May 1991 until October 1992 when the insurgent National Union for the
Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) refused to accept its defeat in internationally monitored
elections and fighting resumed throughout much of the countryside. The two sides signed another
peace accord on 20 November 1994; the cease-fire is generally holding, but most provisions of
the accord remain to be implemented.
{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Angola, click {z,"9.929561,-18.379986,26.643948,-5.498110",here}{4}!
{2}Location:{4} Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Zaire
{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 1,246,700 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 1,246,700 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly less than twice the size of Texas
{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 5,198 km
{3}border countries:{4} Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zaire 2,511 km, Zambia 1,110 km
{2}Coastline:{4} 1,600 km
{2}Maritime claims:{4}
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
{3}territorial sea:{4} 20 nm
{2}International disputes:{4} none
{2}Climate:{4} semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to
October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
{2}Terrain:{4} narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
{3}lowest point:{4} Atlantic Ocean 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Moro de Moco 2,620 m
{2}Natural resources:{4} petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite,
uranium
{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 2%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 0%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 23%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 43%
{3}other:{4} 32%
{2}Irrigated land:{4} NA sq km
{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} population pressures contributing to overuse of pastures and subsequent soil
erosion; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest attributable to the international demand
for tropical timber and domestic use as a fuel; deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity; soil
erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of
potable water
{2}natural hazards:{4} locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau
{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Law of the Sea; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Desertification
{2}Geographic note:{4} Cabinda is separated from rest of country by Zaire
{1}People{4}
{2}Population:{4} 10,342,899 (July 1996 est.)
{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 45% (male 2,340,804; female 2,275,689)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 53% (male 2,748,417; female 2,706,295)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 2% (male 128,067; female 143,627) (July 1996 est.)
{2}Population growth rate:{4} 2.68% (1996 est.)
{2}Birth rate:{4} 44.58 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Death rate:{4} 17.66 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Net migration rate:{4} -0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.03 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1.02 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.89 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 1.02 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 138.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 46.8 years
{3}male:{4} 44.65 years
{3}female:{4} 49.06 years (1996 est.)
{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 6.35 children born/woman (1996 est.)
{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Angolan(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Angolan
{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and
Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
{2}Religions:{4} indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (est.)
{2}Languages:{4} Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 42%
{3}male:{4} 56%
{3}female:{4} 28%
{1}Government{4}
{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Angola
{3}conventional short form:{4} Angola
{3}local long form:{4} Republica de Angola
{3}local short form:{4} Angola
{3}former:{4} People's Republic of Angola
{2}Type of government:{4} transitional government nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong
presidential system
{2}Capital:{4} Luanda
{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie,
Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda
Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire
{2}Independence:{4} 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 11 November (1975)
{2}Constitution:{4} 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26
August 1992
{2}Legal system:{4} based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to
accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets
{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal
{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979) was originally
elected without opposition under a one party system and stood for election in Angola's first
multiparty elections on 29-30 September 1992; DOS SANTOS received 49.6% of the total vote,
making a run-off election necessary between him and second-place Jonas SAVIMBI; the run-off
was not held and SAVIMBI's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)
disputed the results of the first election; the civil war was resumed
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Marcolino Jose Carlos MOCO (since 2 December 1992) was
appointed by the president and is answerable to the Assembly
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers was appointed by the president
{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional): elections last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be
held NA); results (disputed) - percentage of vote by party NA; seats (223 total) - seats by party NA
{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court (Tribunal da Relacao), judges of the Supreme Court are appointed
by the president
{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose
Eduardo DOS SANTOS, is the ruling party and has been in power since 1975; National Union for
the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, is a legal party despite its
history of armed resistance to the government; five minor parties have small numbers of seats in
the National Assembly
{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC),
N'ZITA Tiago, leader of largest faction (FLEC-FAC)
{3}note:{4} FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of
Cabinda Province
{2}International organization participation:{4} ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC (observer), ECA, FAO, G-77,
IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU,
NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WToO
{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Antonio dos Santos FRANCA "N'dalu"
{3}embassy:{4} 1819 L Street NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20036
{3}telephone:{4} [1] (202) 785-1156
{3}FAX:{4} [1] (202) 785-1258
{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Donald K. STEINBERG
{3}embassy:{4} No. 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne, Miramar, Luanda
{3}mailing address:{4} C.P. 6484, Luanda; American Embassy, Luanda, Department of State,
Washington, DC 20521-2550 (pouch)
{3}telephone:{4} [244] (2) 345-481, 346-418
{3}FAX:{4} [244] (2) 346-924
{2}Flag:{4} two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting
of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and
sickle)
{1}Economy{4}
{2}Economic overview:{4} Angola is an economy in disarray. Despite its abundant natural resources,
output per capita is among the world's lowest. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood
for 80%-90% of the population but accounts for less than 15% of GDP. Oil production and the
supporting activities are vital to the economy, contributing about 50% to GDP. Despite the signing
of a peace accord in November 1994 between the Angola Government and the UNITA insurgents,
sporadic fighting continues and many farmers remain reluctant to return to their fields. As a result,
much of the country's food must still be imported. To take advantage of its rich resources -
notably gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and arable land, in addition to its
large oil deposits - Angola will need to observe the cease-fire, implement the peace agreement,
and reform government policies.
{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $7.4 billion (1995 est.)
{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 4% (1995 est.)
{2}GDP per capita:{4} $700 (1995 est.)
{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 12%
{3}industry:{4} 56%
{3}services:{4} 32% (1994 est.)
{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 20% monthly average (1994 est.)
{2}Labor force:{4} 2.783 million economically active
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture 85%, industry 15% (1985 est.)
{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 24% with extensive underemployment (1993 est.)
{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $928 million
{3}expenditures:{4} $2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $963 million (1992 est.)
{2}Industries:{4} petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; fish
processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco; sugar; textiles; cement; basic metal products
{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} NA%
{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 620,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 1.9 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 189 kWh (1993)
{2}Agriculture:{4} bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco,
vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish
{2}Illicit drugs:{4} increasingly used as a transshipment point for cocaine and heroin destined for
Western Europe and other African states
{2}Exports:{4} $3 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products,
timber, cotton
{3}partners:{4} US, France, Germany, Netherlands, Brazil
{2}Imports:{4} $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), food, vehicles and spare
parts, textiles and clothing, medicines, substantial military deliveries
{3}partners:{4} Portugal, Brazil, US, France, Spain
{2}External debt:{4} $12 billion (1995 est.)
{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $189 million (1993)
{2}Currency:{4} 1 new kwanza (NKz) = 100 lwei
{2}Exchange rates:{4} new kwanza (NKz) per US$1 - 900,000 (official rate 25 April 1995), 1,900,000
(black market rate 6 April 1995), 600,000 (official rate 10 January 1995), 90,000 (official rate 1
June 1994), 180,000 (black market rate 1 June 1994); 7,000 (official rate 16 December 1993),
50,000 (black market rate 16 December 1993); 3,884 (July 1993); 550 (April 1992); 90 (November
1991); 60 (October 1990)
{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year
{1}Transportation{4}
{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2,952 km (1995 est.); note - limited trackage in use because of landmines still in place from
the civil war
narrow gauge: 2,798 km 1.067-m gauge; 154 km 0.600-m gauge
{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 72,626 km
{3}paved:{4} 18,157 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 54,469 km (1992 est.)
{2}Waterways:{4} 1,295 km navigable
{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 179 km
{2}Ports:{4} Ambriz, Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Malogo, Namibe, Porto Amboim, Soyo
{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 63,776 GRT/99,863 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} cargo 11, oil tanker 1 (1995 est.)
{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 143
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 3
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 8
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 11
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 4
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 40
{3}with unpaved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 4
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 24
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 48 (1995 est.)
{1}Communications{4}
{2}Telephones:{4} 78,000 (1991 est.)
{2}Telephone system:{4} telephone service limited mostly to government and business use; HF
radiotelephone used extensively for military links
{3}domestic:{4} limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter
{3}international:{4} satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 17, FM 13, shortwave 0
{2}Radios:{4} NA
{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 6
{2}Televisions:{4} 50,000 (1993 est.)
{1}Defense{4}
{2}Branches:{4} Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Police Force
{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 2,373,087
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 1,195,176
{3}males reach military age (18) annually:{4} 106,456 (1996 est.)
{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $1.1 billion, 31% of GDP (1993)