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- $Unique_ID{BRK04308}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Varicella Zoster Virus}
- $Subject{Varicella Zoster Virus Chickenpox Shingles-herpes Zoster Herpes
- Simplex (Cold Sores, Fever Blisters and Genital Herpes) }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989, 1990, 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 686:
- Varicella Zoster Virus
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Varicella Zoster
- Virus) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Chickenpox
- Shingles-herpes Zoster
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores, Fever Blisters and Genital Herpes)
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- The varicella-zoster virus is a common herpes virus that causes
- chickenpox during childhood, and shingles (herpes zoster) during adulthood.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox in children. After exposure to,
- the virus, the incubation period is between 11 to 21 days. The severity of
- the chickenpox ranges from a slight rash to many hundreds of blisters and a
- fever as high as 105 degrees F. Chickenpox symptoms begin with a slight
- fever, sore throat, runny nose and a general feeling of discomfort. This
- precedes the rash by a few days.
-
- The rash first appears on the back and chest, quickly covering the body.
- Spots may also appear in the mucous membranes such as those of the mouth,
- vagina or in the ears. The rash develops quickly into clear, oval blisters
- of various sizes. These soon become cloudy in color and within three to four
- days turn to scabs. It may take another week for the scabs to fall off.
-
- After the rash first appears, it will continue to erupt for three to four
- days, and is often very itchy. During this time, and until all the lesions
- are scabbed over a child with chickenpox is still contagious, and should be
- kept isolated.
-
- Chickenpox dan be life-threatening to children with a compromised immune
- system such as cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, or asthmatics taking
- steroid drugs for prolonged periods.
-
- Shingles (herpes zoster) occurs when the varicella-zoster virus is re-
- activated for unknown reasons. It is a non-seasonal infection occuring most
- often in older people and in those whose immune system is suppressed. Non
- immune individuals, especially children, may develop chickenpox after contact
- with a person who has active herpes-zoster virus. Shingles first appears as a
- rash, similar to chickenpox, but finer in appearance. The rash usually
- occurs on one side of the body or face, in an area involving one particular
- spinal nerve. The nerve pain (neuralgia), can persist for several months or
- even years. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Shingles" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Causes
-
- The varicella-zoster virus is a member of the herpes virus family. It is
- transmitted in the form of airborne droplets.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Chickenpox affects males and females in equal numbers. It is most common in
- between the ages of 5 and 9. Shingles usually occurs in adults over the age
- of 50. These disorders are very prevalent in the United States and throughout
- the world.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Varicella
- Zoster Virus. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Cold Sore and Fever Blisters are a common, recurrent infection by the
- herpes simplex virus. There are two types of Herpes Simplex. Type 1 causes
- infections around the lips and in the cornea. It is characterized by the
- appearance on the skin or mucous membranes of clusters of small blisters,
- filled with clear fluid on slightly red bases. Type 2 usually affects the
- genital area and is transmitted primarily by direct contact with lesions,
- most often during sexual intercourse. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Herpes Simplex" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- There is no specific treatment for Chickenpox. However, Calamine lotion has
- a soothing and drying effect on the rash and an antihistamine drug may be
- prescribed to reduce the itchiness. It is most important to keep the patient
- from scratching the blisters and scabs, because scarring and further
- infection can result. Acetaminophen, given every 4 hours will help reduce
- the fever and headache. Aspirin should NOT be given to children with
- Chickenpox because it can cause Reye's Syndrome. (For more information
- concerning this disorder, choose "Reye" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database.)
-
- There is no specific treatment for Shingles. Anesthetic medications for
- the rash, and aspirin or other analgesics for the nerve pain may be
- prescribed. Corticosteroids (if given early), may relieve pain in severe
- cases. Locally applied wet compresses may be soothing.
-
- For immunosuppressed patients, antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir and
- vidarabine have been used, with acyclovir found to be the most effective.
- Until a vaccine for chicken pox becomes commercially available, children with
- a compromised immune system should guard against exposure to the Varicella
- Zoster Virus.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Clinical trials are being conducted on the experimental drug Arabinosyl
- adenine (ARA-A) for treatment of Herpes Zoster (Shingles). A Chicken Pox
- vaccine is being tested by Merck, Sharp & Dohme. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Shingles" in the Rare Disease Database.
-
- Scientists are studying the effectiveness of the antiviral drug,
- acyclovir, in the treatment of children with Chicken Pox. The drug seems to
- speed up the recovery time of patients with the disease.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Varicella Zoster Virus, please contact
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 303332
- (404) 639-3534
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301)496-5717
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Section 7; Merle A Sande, M.D.; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 1605.
-
- THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS COMPLETE HOME
- MEDICAL GUIDE, Stephen Atwood, M.D.; Crown Publishers Inc., 1985. Pp. 222.
-
- THE WORLD BOOK MEDICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA, Your Guide To Good Health; Stuart
- Levin, M.D., World Book Inc., 1988. Pp. 172.
-
- NIH CONFERENCE VARICELLA -ZOSTER VIRUS INFECTIONS. BIOLOGY, NATURAL
- HISTORY, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION. SE Strauss, et al.; ANN INTERN MED
- (February, 1988 (August 29, 1988, issue 198(2)). Pp. 221-237.
-
- CURRENT THERAPY OF VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS INFECTION IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
- PATIENTS. A COMPARISON OF ACYCLOVIR AND VIDARBINE. DH Shepp et al.; AM J
- MED 1988 (August 29, 1988; issue 85(2A)). Pp.96-98
-
- IMMUNIZATION OF HEALTHY ADULTS WITH LIVE ATTENUATED VARICELLA VACCINE.
- AA Gershon et al.; J INFECT DIS (July 1988; issue 158(1)). Pp. 132-13.
-
- LIVE ATTENUATED VARICELLA VACCINE IN HEALTHY 12-to-24 MONTH OLD CHILDREN.
- CE Johnson et al.; PEDIATRICS (April 1988; issue 81(4)). Pp. 512-518.
-
-