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- $Unique_ID{BRK04288}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Triploid Syndrome}
- $Subject{Triploid Syndrome Triploidy Syndrome Triploidy Chromosome Triploidy
- Syndrome Trisomy Down Syndrome 11q Syndrome 18p Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 710:
- Triploid Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Triploid Syndrome) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Triploidy Syndrome
- Triploidy
- Chromosome Triploidy Syndrome
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Trisomy
- Down Syndrome
- 11q Syndrome
- 18p Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Triploid Syndrome is an extremely rare chromosomal disorder. A complete
- extra set of chromosomes totalling sixty-nine, rather than the normal forty-
- six, is found in the infant. Babies with Triploid Syndrome usually are lost
- through early miscarriage. However, some infants have been born and survived
- as long as five months. The infant shows severely retarded fetal growth and
- many other prenatal abnormalities.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Triploid Syndrome symptoms may include miscarried fetuses occuring early in
- pregnancy, larger than normal size placenta, lack of prenatal skeletal
- growth, wider than normally spaced eyes (ocular hypertelorism), low nasal
- bridge, low-set malformed ears and a smaller than normal sized jaw. The
- third and fourth fingers of the hands may be connected, and the hands may
- have unusual simian creases. The infant may show congenital heart defects
- and also defects of the sex organs (smaller than normal sized organs and
- urinary openings in abnormal locations). There may also be abnormal brain
- development and lack of development of both the adrenal glands and the
- kidneys. Less often there is an unusually shaped skull, cleft lip and/or
- palate, growth of the brain or spinal cord outside of the body
- (meningomyelocele), and hernias. There may also be liver and gallbladder
- deformities, twisted colon, and finger and toe deformities.
-
- The Triploid Syndrome is often associated with pregnancies which occur
- soon after oral contraceptives are discontinued. The pregnant mother
- experiences extremes of high blood pressure (hypertension), swelling (edema),
- and excretion of albumin in the urine (albuminuria). This condition is
- called toxemia or preeclampsia. In several instances a triploid pregnancy
- has been followed or preceded by a cyst-like (molar) pregnancy.
-
- Causes
-
- Triploid Syndrome is caused by a complete extra set of chromosomes. The
- triplication of the chromosomes is most often caused by double fertilization
- of an egg rather than an egg with extra chromosomes. The disorder is not
- inherited; it is a birth defect.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Triploid Syndrome occurs in very rare instances, usually in pregnancies that
- occur after oral contraceptive use or after a miscarried molar pregnancy.
- The syndrome does not seem to be affected by the age of the parents. It
- affects male and female infants in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders are caused by duplication, triplication
- or deletion of chromosomes:
-
- Trisomies are very rare genetic disorders characterized by a triple
- chromosome. The most common symptom of the trisomies is mental retardation.
- Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of all body cells. They carry the
- genetic characteristics of each individual. Pairs of human chromosomes are
- numbered from 1 through 22, with an unequal 23rd pair of X and Y chromosomes
- for males, and two X chromosomes for females. People with a Trisomy have an
- extra chromosome added to one of the normal pairs. The triplication of the
- chromosome may be partial, either an extra short arm (p+) or an extra long
- arm (q+). Defects are classified by the name of the abnormal chromosome
- pair and which portion of the chromosome is affected. (For more information
- on this disorder, choose "Trisomy" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Down Syndrome is the most common and readily identifiable genetic
- condition caused by a chromosomal abnormality. One additional chromosome is
- present. Children with Down Syndrome have some degree of mental retardation.
- That can range from mild to profound. However, most children with Down
- Syndrome function in the mild to moderate range. Many of the children can be
- educated in the public schools, learn basic academic and pre-vocational
- skills with special training, and perform many daily living activities
- independently. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Down" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- 11q Syndrome (Jacobsen Syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder affecting the
- long arm of chromosome 11. The disorder may be characterized by a narrow
- protruding forehead, eye problems, abnormally shaped nose and mouth and
- mental retardation. This syndrome is caused by a deletion on the long arm
- (q) of chromosome 11. The severity and type of abnormality depends upon the
- size and location of the missing chromosome piece. The cause of the
- chromosome break itself is unknown. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "11q" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- 18p Syndrome is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 18. It is
- characterized by unusual facial features and mild to severe mental
- retardation. This syndrome may also include growth deficiency, diminished
- muscle tension and a smaller than normal sized brain. There may also be
- behavior problems and delayed speech. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "18p" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Triploid Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- December 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Triploid Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Adrenal Diseases Foundation
- 505 Northern Blvd., Suite 200
- Great Neck, NY 11021
- (516) 487-4992
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th Ed.: Kenneth Lyons
- Jones, M.D., W.B. Saunders Company, 1988. Pp. 32-35.
-
- DIPLOSPERMY II INDICATED AS THE ORIGIN OF A LIVE BORN HUMAN TRIPLOID (69,
- XXX). B.M. Page, et al.; J Med Genet (October, 1981, issue 18 (5)). Pp.
- 386-389.
-
- MORPHOLOGIC ANOMALIES IN TRIPLOID LIVEBORN FETUSES. N. Doshi, et al.; Hum
- Pathol, (August, 1983, issue 14 (4)). Pp. 716-723.
-
- MIDTRIMESTER PREECLAMPTIC TOXEMIA IN TRIPLOID PREGNANCIES. R. Toaff, et
- al.; Isr J Med Sci, (March, 1976, issue 12 (3)). Pp. 234-239.
-
- THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN TRIPLOIDS. P.A. Jacobs. et al.; Ann Hum Genet, (July,
- 1978, issue 42 (1)). Pp. 49-57.
-
-