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- $Unique_ID{BRK04287}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)}
- $Subject{Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) Tic Douloureux Fothergill
- Disease }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 273:
- Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Trigeminal Neuralgia) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Tic Douloureux
- Fothergill Disease
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Trigeminal Neuralgia, also known as Tic Douloureux is a nerve disorder
- characterized by attacks of acute pain at the side of the mouth and nose,
- along distribution of the trigeminal nerve.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The most noteworthy symptom of Trigeminal Neuralgia is the recurrence of
- episodes of intense, lancinating pain at the upper jaw and side of the nose.
- The pain may be triggered both by tactile stimuli such as the brushing of the
- teeth or chewing, and by extreme heat or cold. Symptoms are limited in most
- cases to one side of the face, with flushing of the skin and tearing of the
- eye on the affected side. Another sign of the disorder is excessive
- salivation. What distinguishes Trigeminal Neuralgia from similar disorders
- is the extremely short duration of the attack, usually only a few seconds,
- and the specificity of the region where pain is most intense. Also
- distinctive in the diagnosis of Trigeminal Neuralgia is its lack of any
- clinical or pathologic signs.
-
- Causes
-
- Trigeminal Neuralgia is in most cases found to be caused by compression by a
- blood vessel (vascular compression) of the root entry zone of the trigeminal
- nerve. Toxic, nutritive and infectious factors are believed to be possible
- sources of the disorder, but usually the exact cause is still unknown.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Trigeminal Neuralgia is found usually to affect older patients of both sexes.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia is a rare syndrome that, like Trigeminal
- Neuralgia, has symptoms of excruciating facial pain. In this related
- disorder, however, pain tends to center around the throat, tonsils, the back
- of the tongue and the middle ear, originating usually at the base of the
- tongue. Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia affects men more prevalently than women,
- and usually appears after age 40. In differential diagnosis, Trigeminal
- Neuralgia may be ruled out by tactile stimulation of the throat resulting in
- an attack, which can then be ameliorated by application of the drug
- tetracaine in Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia.
-
- Sphenopalatine Ganglion Neuralgia is another related disorder. Caused by
- an infection in the accessory nasal sinus, this disorder can be identified by
- its symptomatic pain in the face, eye, upper jaw, root of the nose, teeth,
- ear, neck and shoulder. Prognosis for this disease is generally quite
- favorable. A neoplasm, tumor or another lesion impinging on the nerve can
- also result in symptoms like those associated with Trigeminal Neuralgia.
- Pain in these cases, however, is usually persistent and results in sensory
- impairment.
-
- Post-herpetic pain, occurring after a herpes virus infection, also may
- cause facial pains. This is caused by neural impairment, yet it is
- identifiable as such by the history of the appearance of a herpetic rash
- usually located near the eyes.
-
- Multiple sclerosis, which in some cases actually causes Trigeminal
- Neuralgia, is usually distinguishable by its fluctuating neurological
- symptoms. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Multiple
- Sclerosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Prognosis of Trigeminal Neuralgia is generally favorable, with both medical
- and surgical means of treatment. The drug carbamazine (Tegretol) is often an
- effective treatment for the disorder; administration of this drug should be
- accompanied by a monitoring of liver and hemapoietic (relating to formation
- of blood cells) functions. In some patients, phenytoin (Dilantin) has been
- found to an be effective treatment.
-
- In terms of surgical treatments, the most widely used is the Jannetta
- procedure, which involves the removal of vascular structures pressing on the
- trigeminal ganglion. In another possible treatment, a percutaneous needle
- makes electrolytic lesions of the trigeminal ganglion. In cases of
- intractable pain, the 5th nerve fibers near the trigeminal ganglion are
- surgically sectioned.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Tinzanidine, used experimentally as a treatment in Trigeminal Neuralgia, has
- been designated an orphan drug and approved for study in the United States by
- the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It should be remembered that
- although this orphan drug is available experimentally in the United States,
- it is still under study and conclusive results are not yet reported.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Trigeminal Neuralgia, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Trigeminal Neuralgia Support Group
- P.O. Box 785
- Barnegat Light, NJ 08006
- (609) 361-1014
-
- NIH/National Institute of Dental Research
- Clinical Pain Division
- 9000 Rockville Place
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-4261
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
-
- References
-
- Trigeminal Neuralgia: Treatment by Microvascular Decompression: PJ Jannetta;
- In: Neurosurgery; Wilkins et al., eds.: McGraw-Hill (1984).
-
-