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- $Unique_ID{BRK04252}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Tardive Dyskinesia}
- $Subject{Tardive Dyskinesia Tardive Dystonia Oral-facial Dyskinesia
- Linguofacial Dyskinesia Tardive Oral Dyskinesia TD Tourette Syndrome
- Huntington Disease Cerebral Palsy }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 493:
- Tardive Dyskinesia
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Tardive Dyskinesia) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Tardive Dystonia
- Oral-facial Dyskinesia
- Linguofacial Dyskinesia
- Tardive Oral Dyskinesia
- TD
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Tourette Syndrome
- Huntington Disease
- Cerebral Palsy
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary movement disorder resulting from
- use of neuroleptic drugs which are used to control psychiatric or
- gastrointestinal problems. Long-term use of these drugs may produce
- biochemical abnormalities in the area of the brain known as the striatum.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Tardive Dyskinesia is characterized by involuntary and abnormal movements of
- the jaw, lips and tongue. Typical symptoms include grimacing, sticking out
- the tongue, sucking or fish-like movements of the mouth. In some cases, the
- arms and/or legs may be affected by involuntary rapid, jerking movements
- (chorea), or slow, writhing movements (athetosis).
-
- Causes
-
- Tardive Dyskinesia is caused by long-term use of neuroleptic drugs.
- Neuroleptic drugs are often prescribed for management of certain mental,
- neurological, or gastrointestinal disorders.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Tardive Dyskinesia affects individuals who have been taking neuroleptic drugs
- for a long period of time. A high percentage of schizophrenic people who
- have spent long periods of time in mental hospitals have a high risk of
- developing TD.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Tardive
- Dyskinesia. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Huntington Disease (also known as Huntington's Chorea) is an inherited
- neurological illness. Those affected experience involuntary movements, loss
- of motor control, changes in gait, loss of memory, and in some cases,
- dementia. In general, the first symptoms of HD appear between thirty and
- fifty years of age. HD runs a progressive course, severely weakening
- patients usually over a ten to twenty year period, whereas there is no
- degeneration in Tardive Dyskinesia. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Huntington" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Cerebral Palsy is a disorder characterized by impaired muscle control or
- coordination (motor output system) resulting from injury to the brain during
- its early stages of development (the fetal, perinatal, or early childhood
- stages). There may be associated problems with sensory input, such as vision
- or hearing defects, central processing (such as communication), intellectual
- or perceptual deficits, and/or seizures. People with CP can have slow facial
- and tongue movements, which may resemble TD. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Cerebral Palsy" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Tourette Syndrome is a neurological movement disorder which begins in
- childhood between the ages of two and sixteen. The disorder is characterized
- by involuntary muscular movements called "tics", and uncontrollable vocal
- sounds. Sometimes inappropriate words may unavoidably be spoken. Tourette
- Syndrome is not a degenerative disorder and those affected can expect to live
- a normal life span. Neuroleptic drugs such as haloperidol and pimozide can
- be prescribed as treatments for TS, so it may be difficult to determine
- whether facial and tongue movements in TS patients are caused by the disorder
- or the drugs.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia initially consists of discontinuing the
- neuroleptic drug as soon as involuntary facial movements are noticed in
- psychotic patients. In some cases, physicians may decide to reinstitute the
- drug if the TD symptoms do not disappear and if they are very severe.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Vitamin E is being used experimentally to treat Tardive Dyskinesia.
- Participants in this study must have moderate to severe persistent Tardive
- Dyskinesia and be between eighteen and seventy years of age. Patients of all
- psychiatric diagnoses will be considered for admission to the four month
- study. For more information, physicians with patients interested in this
- research project should contact:
-
- Denise Juliano, MSW
- Coordinator of Admissions
- Neuropsychiatric Research Hospital
- 2700 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue, SE
- Washington, DC 20032
- (202) 373-6100
-
- Many experimental drugs are being tested to reduce or eliminate the
- symptoms of Tardive Dyskinesia. For more information about these studies,
- please contact the agencies listed in the Resources section of this report.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- July 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Tardive Dyskinesia, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Association for Tardive Dyskinesia
- 1206 E. Pike St.
- Seattle, WA 98122
-
- NIH/National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20205
- (301) 443-4515 or (301) 496-1752
- (800) 421-4211 (24 hrs.)
-
- Dystonia Medical Research Foundation
- One E. Wacker Dr., Suite 2900
- Chicago, IL 60601-2001
- (312) 755-0198
-
- National Mental Health Association
- 1021 Prince Street.
- Alexandria, VA 22314
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 2160.
-
- DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS, 3rd ed.: American
- Psychiatric Association, 1984. Pp. 76-77.
-
- SUPPRESSION OF TARDIVE DYSKINESIA WITH AMOXAPINE: CASE REPORT: D.A.
- DMello, et al.; J Clin Psychiatry (March 1986, issue 47(3)). Pp. 148.
-
- FACIAL DYSKINESIA: J. Jankovic, et al.; Adv Neurol (1988). P. 49.
-
-