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$Unique_ID{BRK04252}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Tardive Dyskinesia}
$Subject{Tardive Dyskinesia Tardive Dystonia Oral-facial Dyskinesia
Linguofacial Dyskinesia Tardive Oral Dyskinesia TD Tourette Syndrome
Huntington Disease Cerebral Palsy }
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
Inc.
493:
Tardive Dyskinesia
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible the main title of the article (Tardive Dyskinesia) is not
the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
this article.
Synonyms
Tardive Dystonia
Oral-facial Dyskinesia
Linguofacial Dyskinesia
Tardive Oral Dyskinesia
TD
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Tourette Syndrome
Huntington Disease
Cerebral Palsy
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary movement disorder resulting from
use of neuroleptic drugs which are used to control psychiatric or
gastrointestinal problems. Long-term use of these drugs may produce
biochemical abnormalities in the area of the brain known as the striatum.
Symptoms
Tardive Dyskinesia is characterized by involuntary and abnormal movements of
the jaw, lips and tongue. Typical symptoms include grimacing, sticking out
the tongue, sucking or fish-like movements of the mouth. In some cases, the
arms and/or legs may be affected by involuntary rapid, jerking movements
(chorea), or slow, writhing movements (athetosis).
Causes
Tardive Dyskinesia is caused by long-term use of neuroleptic drugs.
Neuroleptic drugs are often prescribed for management of certain mental,
neurological, or gastrointestinal disorders.
Affected Population
Tardive Dyskinesia affects individuals who have been taking neuroleptic drugs
for a long period of time. A high percentage of schizophrenic people who
have spent long periods of time in mental hospitals have a high risk of
developing TD.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Tardive
Dyskinesia. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
Huntington Disease (also known as Huntington's Chorea) is an inherited
neurological illness. Those affected experience involuntary movements, loss
of motor control, changes in gait, loss of memory, and in some cases,
dementia. In general, the first symptoms of HD appear between thirty and
fifty years of age. HD runs a progressive course, severely weakening
patients usually over a ten to twenty year period, whereas there is no
degeneration in Tardive Dyskinesia. (For more information on this disorder,
choose "Huntington" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Cerebral Palsy is a disorder characterized by impaired muscle control or
coordination (motor output system) resulting from injury to the brain during
its early stages of development (the fetal, perinatal, or early childhood
stages). There may be associated problems with sensory input, such as vision
or hearing defects, central processing (such as communication), intellectual
or perceptual deficits, and/or seizures. People with CP can have slow facial
and tongue movements, which may resemble TD. (For more information on this
disorder, choose "Cerebral Palsy" as your search term in the Rare Disease
Database).
Tourette Syndrome is a neurological movement disorder which begins in
childhood between the ages of two and sixteen. The disorder is characterized
by involuntary muscular movements called "tics", and uncontrollable vocal
sounds. Sometimes inappropriate words may unavoidably be spoken. Tourette
Syndrome is not a degenerative disorder and those affected can expect to live
a normal life span. Neuroleptic drugs such as haloperidol and pimozide can
be prescribed as treatments for TS, so it may be difficult to determine
whether facial and tongue movements in TS patients are caused by the disorder
or the drugs.
Therapies: Standard
Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia initially consists of discontinuing the
neuroleptic drug as soon as involuntary facial movements are noticed in
psychotic patients. In some cases, physicians may decide to reinstitute the
drug if the TD symptoms do not disappear and if they are very severe.
Therapies: Investigational
Vitamin E is being used experimentally to treat Tardive Dyskinesia.
Participants in this study must have moderate to severe persistent Tardive
Dyskinesia and be between eighteen and seventy years of age. Patients of all
psychiatric diagnoses will be considered for admission to the four month
study. For more information, physicians with patients interested in this
research project should contact:
Denise Juliano, MSW
Coordinator of Admissions
Neuropsychiatric Research Hospital
2700 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20032
(202) 373-6100
Many experimental drugs are being tested to reduce or eliminate the
symptoms of Tardive Dyskinesia. For more information about these studies,
please contact the agencies listed in the Resources section of this report.
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
July 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Tardive Dyskinesia, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
National Association for Tardive Dyskinesia
1206 E. Pike St.
Seattle, WA 98122
NIH/National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20205
(301) 443-4515 or (301) 496-1752
(800) 421-4211 (24 hrs.)
Dystonia Medical Research Foundation
One E. Wacker Dr., Suite 2900
Chicago, IL 60601-2001
(312) 755-0198
National Mental Health Association
1021 Prince Street.
Alexandria, VA 22314
References
INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
Co., 1987. Pp. 2160.
DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS, 3rd ed.: American
Psychiatric Association, 1984. Pp. 76-77.
SUPPRESSION OF TARDIVE DYSKINESIA WITH AMOXAPINE: CASE REPORT: D.A.
DMello, et al.; J Clin Psychiatry (March 1986, issue 47(3)). Pp. 148.
FACIAL DYSKINESIA: J. Jankovic, et al.; Adv Neurol (1988). P. 49.