$Unique_ID{BRK04252} $Pretitle{} $Title{Tardive Dyskinesia} $Subject{Tardive Dyskinesia Tardive Dystonia Oral-facial Dyskinesia Linguofacial Dyskinesia Tardive Oral Dyskinesia TD Tourette Syndrome Huntington Disease Cerebral Palsy } $Volume{} $Log{} Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. 493: Tardive Dyskinesia ** IMPORTANT ** It is possible the main title of the article (Tardive Dyskinesia) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by this article. Synonyms Tardive Dystonia Oral-facial Dyskinesia Linguofacial Dyskinesia Tardive Oral Dyskinesia TD Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related Disorders section of this report: Tourette Syndrome Huntington Disease Cerebral Palsy General Discussion ** REMINDER ** The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources" section of this report. Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary movement disorder resulting from use of neuroleptic drugs which are used to control psychiatric or gastrointestinal problems. Long-term use of these drugs may produce biochemical abnormalities in the area of the brain known as the striatum. Symptoms Tardive Dyskinesia is characterized by involuntary and abnormal movements of the jaw, lips and tongue. Typical symptoms include grimacing, sticking out the tongue, sucking or fish-like movements of the mouth. In some cases, the arms and/or legs may be affected by involuntary rapid, jerking movements (chorea), or slow, writhing movements (athetosis). Causes Tardive Dyskinesia is caused by long-term use of neuroleptic drugs. Neuroleptic drugs are often prescribed for management of certain mental, neurological, or gastrointestinal disorders. Affected Population Tardive Dyskinesia affects individuals who have been taking neuroleptic drugs for a long period of time. A high percentage of schizophrenic people who have spent long periods of time in mental hospitals have a high risk of developing TD. Related Disorders Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Tardive Dyskinesia. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis: Huntington Disease (also known as Huntington's Chorea) is an inherited neurological illness. Those affected experience involuntary movements, loss of motor control, changes in gait, loss of memory, and in some cases, dementia. In general, the first symptoms of HD appear between thirty and fifty years of age. HD runs a progressive course, severely weakening patients usually over a ten to twenty year period, whereas there is no degeneration in Tardive Dyskinesia. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Huntington" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.) Cerebral Palsy is a disorder characterized by impaired muscle control or coordination (motor output system) resulting from injury to the brain during its early stages of development (the fetal, perinatal, or early childhood stages). There may be associated problems with sensory input, such as vision or hearing defects, central processing (such as communication), intellectual or perceptual deficits, and/or seizures. People with CP can have slow facial and tongue movements, which may resemble TD. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Cerebral Palsy" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database). Tourette Syndrome is a neurological movement disorder which begins in childhood between the ages of two and sixteen. The disorder is characterized by involuntary muscular movements called "tics", and uncontrollable vocal sounds. Sometimes inappropriate words may unavoidably be spoken. Tourette Syndrome is not a degenerative disorder and those affected can expect to live a normal life span. Neuroleptic drugs such as haloperidol and pimozide can be prescribed as treatments for TS, so it may be difficult to determine whether facial and tongue movements in TS patients are caused by the disorder or the drugs. Therapies: Standard Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia initially consists of discontinuing the neuroleptic drug as soon as involuntary facial movements are noticed in psychotic patients. In some cases, physicians may decide to reinstitute the drug if the TD symptoms do not disappear and if they are very severe. Therapies: Investigational Vitamin E is being used experimentally to treat Tardive Dyskinesia. Participants in this study must have moderate to severe persistent Tardive Dyskinesia and be between eighteen and seventy years of age. Patients of all psychiatric diagnoses will be considered for admission to the four month study. For more information, physicians with patients interested in this research project should contact: Denise Juliano, MSW Coordinator of Admissions Neuropsychiatric Research Hospital 2700 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20032 (202) 373-6100 Many experimental drugs are being tested to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of Tardive Dyskinesia. For more information about these studies, please contact the agencies listed in the Resources section of this report. This disease entry is based upon medical information available through July 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder. Resources For more information on Tardive Dyskinesia, please contact: National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) P.O. Box 8923 New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783 (203) 746-6518 National Association for Tardive Dyskinesia 1206 E. Pike St. Seattle, WA 98122 NIH/National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20205 (301) 443-4515 or (301) 496-1752 (800) 421-4211 (24 hrs.) Dystonia Medical Research Foundation One E. Wacker Dr., Suite 2900 Chicago, IL 60601-2001 (312) 755-0198 National Mental Health Association 1021 Prince Street. Alexandria, VA 22314 References INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and Co., 1987. Pp. 2160. DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS, 3rd ed.: American Psychiatric Association, 1984. Pp. 76-77. SUPPRESSION OF TARDIVE DYSKINESIA WITH AMOXAPINE: CASE REPORT: D.A. DMello, et al.; J Clin Psychiatry (March 1986, issue 47(3)). Pp. 148. FACIAL DYSKINESIA: J. Jankovic, et al.; Adv Neurol (1988). P. 49.