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- $Unique_ID{BRK04251}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Tangier Disease}
- $Subject{Tangier Disease Familial Alpha-Lipoprotein Deficiency
- Alphalipoproteinemia Familial High-Density Lipoprotein Deficiency
- Analphalipoproteinemia Alpha High-Density Lipoprotein Deficiency
- Acanthocytosis }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 385:
- Tangier Disease
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Tangier Disease) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Familial Alpha-Lipoprotein Deficiency
- Alphalipoproteinemia
- Familial High-Density Lipoprotein Deficiency
- Analphalipoproteinemia
- Alpha High-Density Lipoprotein Deficiency
-
- Information on the following disease can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Acanthocytosis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Tangier Disease is an inherited blood disorder involving decreased
- concentrations of fat compounds in the blood called high density
- lipoproteins. Large amounts of these compounds may accumulate in certain
- organs of the body causing tissue discoloration. In later stages, these
- accumulations may cause organ enlargement and/or blood circulation problems.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Tangier Disease is a slowly progressive disorder initially characterized by
- enlarged orange or yellowish-gray tonsils. This same discoloration may be
- found in other parts of the throat and/or rectum. In time, the liver, spleen
- and lymph nodes may become enlarged. Brain dysfunction, loss of tendon
- reflexes and coronary artery disease may also occur. In some cases, small
- solid elevated skin lesions (papules) may appear.
-
- Causes
-
- Tangier Disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The absence of
- normal amounts of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood cause symptoms
- of this disorder. High density lipoproteins are fat-carrying components of
- the blood containing relatively low levels of fatty acids and high levels of
- proteins.
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not
- appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If
- one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be
- a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Tangier Disease is thought to be present at birth but without noticeable
- symptoms. It usually is diagnosed during later childhood or adulthood. Only
- twenty known cases in the world were documented between 1967 and 1977,
- although the primary reason for this small number may be misdiagnosis and a
- low level of the recognition of symptoms. This disorder was first identified
- in the inbred population of Tangier Island in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, and
- later in Missouri and Kentucky. However, it may possibly be spreading to
- other countries.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Acanthocytosis, also known as Bassen-Kornzweig Syndrome, is inherited as a
- recessive trait and can often be found in inbred populations. This disorder
- is marked by the absence of low density lipoproteins and excretion of fat in
- stools (steatorrhea). Other features of Acanthocytosis may include abnormal
- red blood cells (acanthocytes), retinitis pigmentosa, ataxia and mental
- retardation. Absorption of fat is markedly impaired. Massive doses of
- Vitamins E and A may delay or retard the neurologic complications. (For more
- information choose Acanthocytosis", "RP" and "ataxia" as your search terms in
- the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Tangier Disease is symptomatic and supportive. Genetic
- counseling may be of benefit to families of patients with this disorder.
- Surgical removal of the spleen may become necessary in some cases if the
- spleen is enlarged.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- February 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Tangier Disease, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- National Tay-Sachs and Allied Diseases Association, Inc.
- 2001 Beacon St, Rm. 304
- Brookline, MA 02164
- (617) 277-4463 or 277-3965
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- ANALYTICAL CAPILLARY ISOTACHOPHORESIS: A ROUTINE TECHNIQUE FOR THE ANALYSIS
- OF LIPOPROTEINS AND LIPOPROTEIN SUBFRACTIONS IN WHOLE SERUM: U. Borgmann, et
- al.; J Chromatogr (Feb. 22, 1985, issue 320(1)). Pp. 253-62.
-
- JAPANESE ADULT SIBLINGS WITH TANGIER DISEASE AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF
- REPORTED CASES: K. Fujii, et al.; Tokai J Exp Clin Med (Dec. 1984, issue
- 9(5-6)). Pp.379-387.
-
- TANGIER DISEASE. A HISTOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY: P.
- Dechelotte, et al.; Pathol Res Pract (Oct. 1985, issue 180(4)). Pp. 424-430.
-
-