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$Unique_ID{BRK04237}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Stickler Syndrome}
$Subject{Stickler Syndrome Arthro-Ophthalmopathy Epiphyseal Changes and High
Myopia Ophthalmoarthropathy Weissenbacher-Zweymuller Syndrome Marfan Syndrome
Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita Wagner Syndrome }
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1987, 1990, National Organization for Rare Disorders,
Inc.
421:
Stickler Syndrome
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible the main title of the article (Stickler Syndrome) is not
the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
this article.
Synonyms
Arthro-Ophthalmopathy
Epiphyseal Changes and High Myopia
Ophthalmoarthropathy
Weissenbacher-Zweymuller Syndrome
Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Marfan Syndrome
Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita
Wagner Syndrome
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Stickler Syndrome is a genetic disorder inherited as a dominant trait.
This disorder is characterized by congenital abnormalities of the eye, a
small jaw, and a cleft palate. Degenerative changes in some joints with bone
abnormalities may occur early in life. With early treatment, the prognosis
may be favorable.
Symptoms
Initial symptoms of Stickler Syndrome may include a broad, flat, sunken
bridge of the nose which makes the face look flattened. A cleft palate and
small jaw (the Pierre Robin anomaly) may also be present. In addition,
sensorineural deafness may develop. Eye defects may include a high degree of
nearsightedness (myopia), irregularities of the lens (astigmatism), and
changes of the optic disk (where the optic nerve enters the retina).
Cataracts, detachment of the retina and blindness may develop during the
first decade of life. A form of glaucoma called glaucoma simplex may also
occur.
Bone abnormalities in joints such as the ankles, knees and wrists usually
occur. During childhood, patients may experience stiffness and soreness
after strenuous exercise. Swelling, redness and a feeling of heat may occur
occasionally, leading to cracking (crepitation) and temporary locking of
joints. Irregularities may be seen on X-rays of the joint surfaces, usually
in the vertebral column and the knees. Incomplete dislocation (subluxation)
of the hips is another frequent finding. Abnormal development of the
cartilage at the ends of long bones (epiphyseal plate) may occur, and loose
bony cartilage particles can be present in the joint. Joint
hyperextensibility of the finger, knee, and elbow may occur as well as
tapering fingers.
Causes
Stickler Syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait that may be
expressed in mild, moderate or severe forms. (Human traits including the
classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for
that condition, one received from the father and one from the mother. In
dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease gene (received from either
the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the normal gene and
resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting the
disorder from affected parent to offspring is 50% for each pregnancy
regardless of the sex of the resulting child.)
Affected Population
Stickler Syndrome is a rare disorder which affects males as well as females.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Stickler
Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita (SED Congenita) is a disorder with
autosomal dominant inheritance with symptoms which can range from mild to
severe. It is characterized by flat facial features, nearsightedness
(myopia), retinal detachment, cleft palate, clubfoot, short-trunk dwarfism, a
waddling gait and normally sized hands and feet. This disorder is often
detectable at birth and may affect males and females in equal numbers. (For
more information choose "SED Congenita" as your search term in the Rare
Disease Database.)
Wagner Syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder that can
be expressed in mild, moderate or severe form. It is characterized by facial
abnormalities, an underdeveloped jaw, saddle nose, cleft palate, and vision
abnormalities. Joint hyperextensibility in the fingers, elbows and knees,
and hip deformities may also occur.
Therapies: Standard
Avoidance of excessive physical exertion including contact sports may prevent
stiffness and soreness of ankles, knees, and wrists. Detached retinas may be
surgically reattached. Genetic counseling will be helpful to families of
children with Stickler Syndrome.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through March
1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Stickler Syndrome, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
Stickler Syndrome Support Group
27 Braycourt Ave.
Walton on Thomas
Surrey KT 12 2 AZ England
The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
Clearinghouse
Box AMS
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 495-4484
NIH/National Eye Institute
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5248
For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
MANAGEMENT OF RETINAL DETACHMENT IN THE WAGNER-STICKLER SYNDROME: B.M.
Billington, et al.; Transactions Ophthalmol Soc UK (1985: issue 104, pt 8).
Pp. 875-879.
STICKLER'S SYNDROME OR HEREDITARY PROGRESSIVE ARTHRO-OPHTHALMOPATH: M.
Vallat, et al.; Journal Fr Ophthalmol (1985: issue 8,4). Pp. 301-307.
THE WAGNER-STICKLER SYNDROME: A STUDY OF 22 FAMILIES: R.M. Liberfarb,
et al.; Journal Pediatrics (September 1981: issue 99,3). Pp. 394-399.