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- $Unique_ID{BRK04236}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Stevens-Johnson Syndrome}
- $Subject{Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Erythema Multiforme Exudativum Ectodermosis
- Erosiva Pluriorificialis Johnson-Stevens disease Febrile Mucocutaneous
- Syndrome Herpes Iris Dermatostomatitis Erythema Polymorphe }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 295:
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Erythema Multiforme Exudativum
- Ectodermosis Erosiva Pluriorificialis
- Johnson-Stevens disease
- Febrile Mucocutaneous Syndrome
- Herpes Iris
- Dermatostomatitis
- Erythema Polymorphe
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a severe form of Erythema Multiforme
- characterized by blistery lesions on the mucous membranes of the mouth,
- throat, anogenital region, eyelids and corneal lining (conjunctiva).
-
- Symptoms
-
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome is characterized by blistery eruptions on the mucous
- membranes of the mouth, throat, anogenital region, intestinal tract and
- eyelid lining (conjunctiva). Typical Erythema Multiforme lesions may or may
- not be present elsewhere on the skin. The patient with Stevens-Johnson
- syndrome may be unable to eat or close his/her mouth properly. Drooling may
- occur as a result. Eyes may become painful and inflammation of the eyelids
- (conjunctivitis) with swelling and pus may cause great discomfort.
- Untreated, the conjunctival lesions may leave residual corneal scarring,
- which sometimes may cause blindness.
-
- A patchy pneumonia is often present in the lungs. There may also be
- symptoms of joint inflammation and general fatigue.
-
- Causes
-
- 1. In about 50% of cases no cause can be found for Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
-
- 2. In children and young adults, infections caused by herpes simplex
- virus are the most common cause. Additionally, coxsackie- and echoviruses,
- Mycoplasma pneumonia, psittacosis, histioplasmosis, and Vaccinia, Bacillus
- Calmette-Guerin, and poliomyelitis vaccines have been identified as causes of
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
-
- 3. In other cases, x-ray therapy or drugs can sometimes cause Stevens-
- Johnson syndrome in susceptible people. Penicillin, sulfonamides, and
- barbiturates are the most common drug causes. The mechanisms by which
- infectious agents or drugs can cause the condition in some people is unknown,
- but it appears to be an unpredictable allergic reaction to these substances.
-
- Affected Population
-
- People of all ages and both sexes can be affected by Stevens-Johnson
- syndrome.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Allergic Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mouth characterized by an
- intense shiny redness of the mucous membrane in the mouth, accompanied by
- slight swelling, itching, dryness or burning sensation. This disorder may be
- due to sensitivity to foods or lipstick.
-
- Herpetic Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mouth caused by the herpes
- simplex virus and characterized by itching followed by the appearance of
- small tense blisters on a red base.
-
- Reiter's syndrome is a combination of arthritis, inflammation of the
- urethra (urethritis), and conjunctivitis. It is similar to Stevens-Johnson
- syndrome, but distinguished by a definite burning sensation during urination
- and the frequent finding of hard, crusted lesions on the feet, hands, and
- occasionally elsewhere.
-
- Mikulicz syndrome (aphthous stomatitis) is limited to the lips and
- mouth. It is a disorder without fever, characterized by recurrent red spots
- that may ulcerate, and last about 2 to 3 weeks at each occurrence.
-
- Behcet's syndrome is a triad of symptoms including lesions of the mouth,
- ulcerations of the genital mucous membranes, and inflammation of the eyes.
- The ulcerations are small, but deep and chronic.
-
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome is the most severe form of Erythema Multiforme.
-
- For more information on the preceding disorders, choose "Reiter,"
- "Mikulicz," "Behcet," and "Erythema Multiforme" as your search terms in the
- Rare Disease Database.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- When a cause for Stevens-Johnson syndrome can be found, it should be treated,
- eliminated or avoided (e.g., drugs or other substances to which the patient
- is allergic). Local treatment depends on the type of lesion.
-
- Antibiotic therapy and treatment with glucocorticoids may relieve the
- symptoms and shorten the course of the disease. Glucocorticoids usually are
- not used if an infection is present.
-
- Infections of the lips and mouth may require special care. Intense oral
- hygiene is necessary. A mouthwash of sodium bicarbonate solution in warm
- water can be soothing and cleansing. Rinsing after each meal with elixir of
- dexamethasone can relieve discomfort and promote healing of nonviral oral
- lesions. Another mouthwash that can be helpful is a solution of betnesol,
- zephiran HCl, peppermint oil, lidocaine HCl and tragacanth in water.
-
- Systemic corticosteroids have often been used in Stevens-Johnson
- syndrome, sometimes with apparent benefit. Intensive systemic antibiotics,
- fluids and electrolytes may be lifesaving in patients with extensive mucous
- membrane lesions.
-
- Ophthalmic consultation is required when the eyes are involved.
- Precautions must be taken to avoid permanent eye damage.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through March
- 1987. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- NIH/National Eye Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5248
-
- References
-
- ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME: W. Stewart, et. al., eds; In: Dermatology, Diagnosis
- and Treatment of Cutaneous Disorders, 3rd ed. Mosby, 1984.
-
-