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- $Unique_ID{BRK04238}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Stiff Man Syndrome}
- $Subject{Stiff Man Syndrome Muscular Rigidity Progressive Spasm
- Moersch-Woltmann Syndrome SMS }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 326:
- Stiff Man Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Stiff Man Syndrome) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Muscular Rigidity - Progressive Spasm
- Moersch-Woltmann Syndrome
- SMS
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Stiff Man Syndrome is a very rare neurological disorder. It is characterized
- by progressive rigidity and spasm of the voluntary muscles of the neck, trunk,
- shoulders, and proximal extremities.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Stiff Man Syndrome is characterized by progressive muscular rigidity. Aching
- and tightness of the voluntary muscles of the body and limbs are usually the
- first symptoms. Profuse sweating and a rapid heart beat (tachycardia) may
- accompany the muscle spasms. Muscles of the neck, trunk, shoulders, and
- proximal extremities may be involved on both sides of the body. During
- attacks of muscular spasm, contractions such as sharp bending and twitching
- may occur in the muscles of the hand. Extreme bending of the sole (plantar
- flexion) may also occur. Affected muscles may become twisted and contracted,
- resulting in bone fractures in the most severe cases. Persons affected by
- Stiff Man syndrome may have difficulty making sudden movements and exhibit a
- waddling gait when walking.
-
- Sleep usually suppresses frequency of contractions. SMS may be
- progressive and may gradually involve additional muscles of the back and
- abdomen. Stiffness may increase and patients may develop a hunched posture
- (kyphosis) or a swayback (lordosis).
-
- Causes
-
- Newly reported studies support the theory that Stiff Man Syndrome is an
- autoimmune disorder. Onset occurs gradually. Heredity factors have not been
- established.
-
- The spasms can be triggered by external factors such as sudden noise and
- emotional stimuli. The attacks of stiffness may be caused by an abnormality
- deep in the grey mass of the brain (basal ganglion of the Central Nervous
- System).
-
- Heredity of Stiff Man Syndrome has not been proven, but one research
- paper has described 10 people affected with the syndrome in 3 generations of
- one family.
-
- Affected Population
-
- About 70% of persons affected with Stiff Man Syndrome are male adults, about
- 30% are female. It is a very rare disorder.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome (RSDS) is a disorder which involves
- pain in nerves, skin, muscles, blood vessels, and bones of one or more
- extremities. Pain in varying degrees is the primary symptom. (For more
- information, choose "RSDS" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Torsion Dystonia (Dystonia Musculorum Deformans, DMD) is an
- incapacitating neurological disorder which causes patients to develop
- repetitive twisting and writhing movements. The movements may affect a
- single muscle, a group of muscles such as those in the arms, legs, or neck,
- or the entire body. Experts have lately been referring to this disorder as
- "the Dystonias", indicating a group of related movement disorders rather than
- a single disorder. (For more information choose "Torsion Dystonia" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Stiff Man Syndrome with diazepam may provide dramatic
- improvement in many cases. This drug relaxes the muscles.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Drs. Pietro DeCamilli and Michele Solemana, of Yale University in New Haven,
- CT, theorize that Stiff-Man Syndrome may be an autoimmune disorder in which
- the body's natural defenses against invading organisms (e.g., antibodies,
- lymphocytes) attack synapses in the brain and spinal cord, where a
- neurotransmitter, gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA), flows between nerve ends.
- The physicians are studying the use of plasma exchange combined with steroid
- drugs as a treatment for Stiff Man Syndrome. Plasma exchange
- (plasmapheresis) is a procedure for removing unwanted substances (toxins,
- metabolic substances, and plasma parts) from the blood. Blood is removed
- from the patient and blood cells are separated from plasma. The patient's
- plasma is then replaced with other human blood and the blood is retransfused
- into the patient. This therapy is still under investigation to analyze side
- effects and effectiveness. More research is needed before plasmapheresis and
- steroid drugs can be recommended as a treatment for Stiff Man Syndrome.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- March 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Stiff Man Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Dr. Mark Hallet
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 6th ed: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1983. P. 495.
-
- DICTIONARY OF MEDICAL SYNDROMES, 2nd ed: Sergio I. Magalini and Euclide
- Scrascia; Lippincott, 1981. P. 558.
-
- AUTOANTIBODIES TO GABA-ERGIC NEURONS AND PANCREATIC BETA CELLS IN STIFF
- MAN SYNDROME, Michele Solimena, M.D., et al.; New Eng J Med., (May 31, 1990,
- issue 322 (2)). Pp. 1555-1560.
-
-