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- $Unique_ID{BRK04115}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Poland Syndrome}
- $Subject{Poland Syndrome Poland Syndactyly Poland Anomaly}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 440:
- Poland Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Poland Syndrome) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Poland Syndactyly
- Poland Anomaly
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources
- section of this report.
-
- Poland Syndrome is a congenital developmental disorder which is thought
- to be genetic. Major symptoms occur on one side of the body and include
- absence of chest muscles and/or ribs, underdevelopment of the arm, wrist and
- hand, and shortened, webbed fingers. Function of the affected arm may be
- limited.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Poland Syndrome is characterized by an abnormal development of one side of
- the chest, including the arm and hand of the same side. One or more chest
- muscles are partially or completely absent with underdevelopment or absence
- of the breast and/or nipple. The cartilage and ribs in the area are absent
- or abnormally developed. The hand, arm, forearm, and wrist are also
- underdeveloped, and the fingers are shortened and webbed. An unusually deep
- crease is present in the palm of the hand. The right side of the body is
- usually the site of the abnormality.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Poland Syndrome is not known. Some medical researchers
- believe it is genetic, although the mode of transmission is not understood.
- Other researchers believe the disorder occurs sporadically, perhaps as a
- mutation. Symptoms may develop due to developmental arrest during the
- seventh to eighth week of fetal life characterized by failure of attachment
- of chest muscles to the embryonic chest wall.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Poland Syndrome affects males and females in equal numbers. In a Canadian
-
- study, researchers found the incidence to be one in 32,000 live births. The
- name of the syndrome should not suggest that the illness primarily affects
- Polish children; rather it was named for the doctor that identified it in
- 1921.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Poland Syndrome involves reconstructive surgery to replace the
- absent chest muscles. Implants may produce good cosmetic results. The hand
- abnormalities may be surgically corrected and ribs may be grafted into place
- with good results.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- October 1987. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section
- for the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Poland Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- For genetic information, contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- EARLY RECONSTRUCTION OF POLAND'S SYNDROME USING AUTOLOGOUS RIB GRAFTS
- COMBINED WITH A LATISSIMUS MUSCLE FLAP: J.A. Haller, Jr., et al.; J Pediatr
- Surg (August 1984, issue 19(4)). Pp. 423-429.
-
- POLAND'S SYNDROME: CORRECTION OF THORACIC ANOMALY THROUGH MINIMAL
- INCISIONS: P. Santi, et al.; Plast Reconstr Surg (October 1985, issue
- 76(4)). Pp. 639-641.
-
- EARLY CORRECTION OF THE THORACIC DEFORMITY OF POLAND'S SYNDROME IN
- CHILDREN WITH THE LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE FLAP: LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF TWO
- CASES: H. Anderl, et al.; Br J Plast Surg (April 1986, issue 39(2)). Pp.
- 167-172.
-
-