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- $Unique_ID{BRK03926}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome}
- $Subject{Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome LGS West Syndrome Epilepsy Juvenile Myoclonic
- Epilepsy }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 887:
- Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Lennox-Gastaut
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- LGS
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- West Syndrome
- Epilepsy
- Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome is a very rare childhood seizure disorder. It is
- usually apparent in infancy or early childhood. It is characterized by drop
- attacks (from simple dropping of the head to collapse of the entire body) and
- other seizures that occur many times a day.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome may begin in infancy but the onset is usually between
- 1 and 6 years of age. It includes seizures that occur many times a day and
- until recently anti-convulsant medications have often been little or no help
- in controlling the seizures. It is considered by many scientists to be one
- of the most difficult seizure disorders to treat. As a result of the many
- seizures that occur daily the affected child's intellectual ability and
- neurological systems can suffer damage causing permanent handicaps.
-
- There may be various types of seizures including "Drop Attacks" which
- result in a sudden loss of muscle tone that causes the child to drop to the
- ground. Tonic seizures and absence seizures also can occur in this disorder.
- Untreated it often continues into adulthood.
-
- Causes
-
- The cause of most types of epilepsy is unknown. Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome is
- associated with multiple lesions of the brain and diffuse slow (1-2 1/2 -HZ)
- spike-and-wave brain wave pattern on EEG test. The reason for the brain
- lesions and irregular brain wave pattern are unknown and may have a number of
- different causes.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome is a rare form of epilepsy that effects males and
- females in equal numbers. Usually the symptoms begin between 1 to 6 years of
- age, however, the syndrome may occur earlier than 1 and even into adulthood.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Lennox-Gastaut
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- West Syndrome is characterized by unusual brain wave patterns on an EEG
- test, seizures/infantile spasms, movement disorders and mental retardation.
-
- Epilepsy is a general term describing a central nervous system disorder
- that is characterized by a sudden, aimless, uncontrollable discharge of
- electrical energy in the brain. This discharge is sometimes preceded by a
- strange feeling (aura) and is characterized by a convulsion and/or loss of
- consciousness. There are many types of epilepsy. The disease is not usually
- life-threatening and those affected can lead a full and active life if
- medication controls their symptoms. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Epilepsy" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy usually begins in mid to late childhood or
- adolescence. It is characterized by an unusual brain wave pattern on EEG
- testing, jerks of the neck and shoulders, no apparent loss of intelligence
- and usually a good response to anti-seizure medication.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome may be diagnosed by EEG tests and Positron Emission
- Tomography (PET) imaging of the brain to detect lesions. Anti-seizure
- medications may be used for treatment such as amantadine, clonazepam, sodium
- valproate, taurine, cinromide and gamma-vinyl-GABA. However, these drugs
- often have limited success on this type of epilepsy. A surgical procedure,
- known as corpus callosotomy usually stops the seizures for children with
- Lennox-Gastaut. The procedure separates the anterior halves of the corpus
- callosum of the brain and results in improvement of seizures and a decrease
- in the need for anti-seizure medication.
- The Orphan Product Topiramate (Topimax) has been approved by the FDA for
- treatment of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. The drug is manufactured by:
-
- R.W. Johnson Pharm. Research Institute
- Welsh and McKean Roads
- Spring House, PA 19477-0776
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Felbamyl (Felbamate) is an experimental anti-convulsant drug being tested for
- control of seizures in adults and children over two years of age. The drug
- is being studied for use in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome and it appears to have a
- promising therapeutic effect in some patients. Felbamyl is manufactured by
- Carter-Wallace Laboratories.
-
- The Orphan Product Topiramate (Topimax) has been approved by the FDA for
- treatment of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. The drug is manufactured by:
-
- R.W. Johnson Pharm. Research Institute
- Welsh and McKean Roads
- Spring House, PA 19477-0776
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- June 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The Epilepsy Foundation of America
- 4351 Garden City Dr.
- Landover, MD 20785
- (301) 459-3700
- (800) 332-1000
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 19th Ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Editors; W.B. Saunders Co., 1990. P. 2222.
-
- PRINCIPLES OF NEUROLOGY, 4th Ed.; Raymond D. Adams, M.D. and Maurice
- Victor, M.D., Editors; McGraw-Hill Information Services Company, 1989. P.
- 252.
-
- DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED EVALUATION OF CINROMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH
- THE LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. Renier, W.O. et al.; Epilepsia, July-August,
- 1989 (issue 30 (4)). Pp. 422-429.
-
-