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$Unique_ID{BRK03798}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Hand-Foot-Mouth Syndrome}
$Subject{Hand-Foot-Mouth Syndrome Vesicular Stomatitis with Exanthem Hand Foot
and Mouth Disease HFMS Varicella Zoster Virus Herpangina Encephalitis}
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
743:
Hand-Foot-Mouth Syndrome
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of the article (Hand-Foot-Mouth
Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
Synonyms
Vesicular Stomatitis with Exanthem
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
HFMS
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Varicella Zoster Virus
Herpangina
Encephalitis
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Hand-Foot-Mouth Syndrome is a common mild viral disease that occurs in
young children. It is characterized by a rash of small blister-like lesions.
These blisters usually occur on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet and
in the mouth.
Symptoms
Hand-Foot-Mouth Syndrome is a mild viral infection that occurs in young
children. It is sometimes epidemic in geographic areas. It is characterized
by blister-like lesions that appear on the palms of the hands, soles of the
feet and in the mouth. These lesions occasionally may appear on the
buttocks, extremities or genitals. They may group together and eventually
ulcerate. There may also be a sore throat, headache, fever of 100 to 102
degrees F, loss of appetite or refusal to eat due to the lesions in the
mouth, especially those on the cheek and tongue.
Causes
Hand-Foot-Mouth Syndrome is caused by a virus. It is believed to be caused
by the coxsackie virus A16 or by enterovirus 71.
Affected Population
Hand-Foot-Mouth Syndrome affects males and females in equal numbers and is
common in young children.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Hand-Foot-
Mouth Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
The varicella-zoster virus is a herpes virus that causes chickenpox
during childhood, and shingles (herpes zoster) during adulthood. It is
characterized by a sore throat, runny nose, a general feeling of discomfort
and a blister-like rash. (For more information on this disorder, choose
"Varicella" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.
Herpangina is a viral infection that usually affects infants and young
children. It is characterized by a sore throat with fever, headache, loss of
appetite, and pains in the abdomen, neck and extremities. Vomiting and
convulsions may occur in infants. Within two days a small number (usually
less than 12) of elevated pimple-like lesions appear on the tonsils, soft
palate, uvula or tongue. These lesions eventually become shallow ulcers and
will heal within 5 days.
The following disorder may be associated with Hand-Foot-Mouth Syndrome as
a complication of severe cases. It is not necessary for a differential
diagnosis:
Encephalitis is an inflammation of all or
of the brain, and at times the
spinal cord. It can be caused by viruses such as the St. Louis, Western
Equine, California, Mumps, ECHO and coxsackie viruses. When it involves the
membranes (meninges) it is called Meningoencephalitis; when it extends to the
spinal cord it is called Encephalomyelitis. (For more information on this
disorder, choose "Encephalitis" as your search term in the Rare Disease
Database.)
Therapies: Standard
There is no specific treatment for Hand-Foot-Mouth Syndrome. Calamine lotion
may have a soothing effect on the rash and acetaminophen (e.g., Tylenol),
given every 4 hours will help reduce the fever and headache. Aspirin should
NOT be given to children with viral diseases, because it can cause Reye
Syndrome. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Reye" as your
search term in the Rare Disease Database.) Other treatment is symptomatic
and supportive.
Therapies: Investigational
At the present time, a study is being conducted on the effectiveness of the
drug murine interferon, as a treatment for coxsackievirus type A 16 (CA-16)
or enterovirus type 71 (EV 71). More research must be conducted to determine
long-term safety and effectiveness of this drug.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Hand-Foot-Mouth Syndrome, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
1600 Clifton Road, NE
Atlanta, GA 30333
(404) 329-3534
NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5717
References
INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
Co., 1987. Pp. 1569.
THE MERCK MANUAL, 15th Ed.: Robert Berkow, M.D., ed.-in-chief; Merck,
Sharp & Dohme Laboratories., 1987. Pp. 2034.
OUTBREAK OF ENTEROVIRUS 71 INFECTION IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA, WITH A HIGH
INCIDENCE OF NEUROLOGICAL INVOLVEMENT. G. Gilbert, et al.; PEDIATR INFECT
DIS J (July 1988, issue 7 (7)). Pp. 484-488.
HAND, FOOT, AND MOUTH DISEASE. A. Buchner, (March 1976, issue 41 (3)).
Pp. 333-337.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF INTERFERON ON INFECTIONS WITH HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH
DISEASE VIRUS IN NEWBORN MICE. D. Sasaki, et al.; J INFECT DIS (March 1986,
issue 153 (3)). Pp. 498-502.