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$Unique_ID{BRK03796}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome}
$Subject{Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome Hallermann-Streiff-Francois Syndrome
Francois Dycephalic Syndrome Dycephalic Syndrome of Francois
Oculomandibulodyscephaly Mandibulo-Oculo-Facial Dyscephaly
Oculomandibulofacial Syndrome Treacher Collins Syndrome Seckel Syndrome}
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1988, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
498:
Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible the main title of the article (Hallermann-Streiff
Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on
the next page to find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related
disorders covered by this article.
Synonyms
Hallermann-Streiff-Francois Syndrome
Francois Dycephalic Syndrome
Dycephalic Syndrome of Francois
Oculomandibulodyscephaly
Mandibulo-Oculo-Facial Dyscephaly
Oculomandibulofacial Syndrome
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Treacher Collins Syndrome
Seckel Syndrome
General Discussion
** IMPORTANT **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, also known as oculomandibulodyscephaly, is a
syndrome of bony abnormalities of the roof of the skull (calvaria), face and
jaw. Affected persons have a bird-like face with a narrow curved nose, and
multiple eye defects including cataracts. Also, the corneas of the eyes and
the eyeballs themselves are smaller than normal. Hair can be thinned or
absent overlying the lines where the plates of the skull meet, and eyebrows
may be absent or underdeveloped. Premature aging (progeria) and atrophy of
the elastic tissue of the skin may also occur.
Symptoms
Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome is characterized by dwarfism and malformation of
the head and face (dyscephaly). The children are born with a bird-like face
having a receding jaw, a beaked nose, and thinned or absent hair overlying
the lines where the plates of the skull meet. Additionally, eyebrows may be
absent or underdeveloped. The eyeballs and corneas of the eyes are
abnormally small with clouding of the clear lens of the eye (cataract),
and/or glaucoma. Abnormalities of the teeth include the presence of teeth at
birth, or the eruption of teeth at a few weeks of age which are not well
anchored in the jaw. These premature teeth often fall out. Permanent teeth,
which normally erupt during childhood, are usually absent except for the
first permanent molars. Abnormalities of the skull and face may predispose
some patients to respiratory disorders. Additionally, motor and/or mental
retardation, premature aging (progeria) and wasting (atrophy) of the elastic
tissue of the skin may occur.
Causes
Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome is thought to result from sporadic chromosomal
mutations. Many of the identified cases occur in marriages of closely
related persons (consanguinity). Some scientists believe Hallermann-Streiff
Syndrome may be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Symptoms are
thought to result from a developmental defect in the first or second of six
branchial arches in the head and neck region of the fetus.
Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not
appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If
one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be
a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
parent and will be genetically normal.
Affected Population
Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome affects males and females in equal numbers.
Since this disorder was first identified by Dr. Hallermann in 1948 and Dr.
Streiff in 1950, approximately fifty cases have been reported in the United
States medical literature.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Hallermann-
Streiff Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
Treacher Collins Syndrome, also known as mandibulofacial dysostosis, is
characterized by variable malformations related to the first branchial arch
during early development of the fetus. The opening between the upper and
lower eyelids (palpebral fissures) slopes outward and downward with notches
or absence of some eye tissue (coloboma) in the outer third of the lower
eyelids. There are bony defects or underdevelopment of the cheek (malar)
bones and the arch (zygoma) formed by the cheek bones, underdevelopment of
the jaw, and an abnormally large mouth (macrostomia) with a high or cleft
palate. Abnormal positioning (malocclusion or malposition) of teeth, low-set
malformed external ears, atypical hair growth, and occasional clefts or pits
between the mouth and ear can occur. This disorder is known as "Treacher
Collins-Franceschetti's Syndrome" if most symptoms are present, and is known
as "Treacher Collins Syndrome" if symptoms are limited to the eye socket
(orbit) and cheek bone (malar) region.
Seckel Syndrome (Bird-Headed Dwarfism) is a genetic form of dwarfism
characterized by low birth weight, a small head, large eyes, beaklike
protrusion of the nose, narrow face, and receding lower jaw. This disorder
is often marked by abnormalities in skin pigmentation. Various congenital
malformations can be accompanied by dental abnormalities and mental
retardation. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Seckel" as your
search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Therapies: Standard
Treatment of Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive.
Vision problems can be successfully treated by an eye specialist. Infections
should be carefully guarded against. In case of severe respiratory distress,
an otolaryngologist may recommend a surgical opening from the neck to the
windpipe (tracheostomy). Services which assist physically and mentally
retarded individuals are helpful. Genetic counseling will be of benefit for
patients and their families.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through April
1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
information about this disorder.
Resources
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
Hallermann-Streiff Parent Association
1367 Beulah Park
Lexington, KY 40597
(606) 273-6928
Forward Face
560 First Ave.
New York, NY 10016
(212) 263-5205
(800) 422-FACE
International Center for Skeletal Dysplasia
St. Joseph Hospital
7620 York Road
Towson, MD 21204
(301) 337-1250
FACES
National Association for the Craniofacially Handicapped
P.O. Box 11082
Chattanooga, TN 37401
(615) 266-1632
Society for the Rehabilitation of the Facially Disfigured
550 First Ave.
New York, NY 10016
(212) 340-5400
National Craniofacial Foundation
3100 Carlisle Street, Suite 215
Dallas, TX 75204
(800) 535-3643
About Face
99 Crowns Lane
Toronto, Ontario M6R 3PA
Canada
(416) 944-3223
NIH/National Child Health & Human Development (NICHHD)
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5133
For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1986. Pp. 1017.
This Rare Disease Database entry is based upon outlines prepared by
medical and dental students (1984-1986) at the Medical College of Virginia for
their course in human genetics.
AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN HALLERMANN-STREIFF SYNDROME: R.T. Sataloff, et al.;
Am J Otolaryngol (January-February 1984, issue 5(1)). Pp. 64-67.
HALLERMANN-STREIFF SYNDROME: REPORT OF A CASE: A.J. Malerman, et al.;
ASDC J Dent Child (July-August 1986, issue 53(4)). Pp. 287-292.
DENTO-ALVEOLAR ABNORMALITIES IN OCULOMANDIBULODYSCEPHALY (HALLERMANN-
STREIFF SYNDROME): P.J. Slootweg, et al.; J Oral Pathol (April 984, issue
13(2)). Pp. 147-154.