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1994-01-17
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$Unique_ID{BRK03732}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Fairbank Disease}
$Subject{Fairbank Disease Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia Conradi-Hunermann
Syndrome McCune-Albright Syndrome}
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1987, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
359:
Fairbank Disease
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible the main title of the article (Fairbank Disease) is not
the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by this
article.
Synonyms
Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Conradi-Hunermann Syndrome
McCune-Albright Syndrome
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Fairbank Disease is a mild form of dwarfism inherited as a dominant
trait. Symptoms may not be apparent during early childhood, but pain may
later occur in hips, knees or ankles due to developmental abnormalities of
bones in the hips. Stature may be only slightly shortened while arms, legs,
fingers or toes may be unusually short. In some cases, movement may be
somewhat restricted.
Symptoms
The most significant symptom of Fairbank Disease is the unusual bone
modification in the hips, and less often, shoulders, feet or hands. The
vertebrae are usually normal, but sometimes show minimal modifications. The
upper end of the leg bones (femurs) including the cartilage tends to change
in shape and density and then recover, reforming bone tissue. However, the
bones may then be slightly shorter.
This disorder usually is first noticed in children during the second to
the fifth years of age due to waddling or awkward walking. From ages five to
fourteen, patients may experience pain in hips, knees or ankles due to
continuing changes in bone structure.
Causes
Fairbank Disease is inherited as a dominant trait. (Human traits including
the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes
for that condition, one received from the father and one from the mother. In
dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease gene (received from either
the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the normal gene and
resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting the
disorder from affected parent to offspring is 50% for each pregnancy
regardless of the sex of the resulting child.)
Affected Population
Fairbank Disease is present at birth and is usually diagnosed between the
ages of two and five years. This mild form of dwarfism is a lifelong
condition and can affect males and females in equal numbers.
Related Disorders
There are at least ten different forms of Dysplasia affecting bone structure
formations, with different symptom combinations. Many of these disorders
produce dwarfism to some degree.
Conradi-Hunermann Syndrome (Chondrodysplasia Punctata) also involves bone
modification of the upper leg bone (femoral) but is more serious and
encompassing than Fairbank Disease. Present at birth, Conradi-Hunermann
Syndrome is marked by low birth weight, progressive shortening of arms or
legs, short stature, scoliosis (which may develop as a patient approaches
puberty), leg or hip joint contractions, and skin lesions or eruptions
similar to acne. Mild forms of this disorder usually occur in girls, but do
not cause growth restrictions. (For more information on this disorder,
choose "Conradi" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
McCune-Albright Syndrome (Fibrous Dysplasia) is characterized by an early
onset (precocious) sexual development, a change in bone integrity which
produces pain, increasing disability, and a change in skin pigmentation.
This syndrome affects the endocrine and musculoskeletal systems. The exact
cause of this disorder is unknown at this time. (For more information on
this disorder, choose "McCune-Albright" as your search term in the Rare
Disease Database).
Therapies: Standard
Surgery of the hip may be indicated as treatment of Fairbank Disease to
alleviate restriction of movement caused by modification of bone structure.
Genetic counseling can be useful in families of patients with this disorder.
Physical therapy can also be of benefit. Other treatment is symptomatic and
supportive.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Fairbank Disease, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
International Center for Skeletal Dysplasia
St. Joseph Hospital
7620 York Rd.
Towson, MD 21204
(301) 337-1250
The Magic Foundation
1327 N. Harlem Ave.
Oak Park, IL 60302
(708) 383-0808
Human Growth Foundation (HGF)
7777 Leesburg Pike
P.O. Box 3090
Falls Church, VA 22043
(703) 883-1773
(800) 451-6434
Little People of America
P.O. Box 633
San Bruno, CA 94066
(415) 589-0695
Parents of Dwarfed Children
11524 Colt Terrace
Silver Spring, MD 20902
Short Stature Foundation
17200 Jamboree Rd., Suite J
Irvine, CA 92714-5828
(714) 474-4554
800-24 DWARF
Association for Research into Restricted Growth
2 Mount Court
81 Central Hill
London SE 19 1 BS
England
01 678 2984
NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5133
For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
contact:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1274 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
MULTIPLE EPIPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA: A FAMILY STUDY: T. Gibson, et. al.; Rheumatol
Rehabil (Nov. 1979, issue 18(4)). Pp. 239-242.
THE EPIPHYSEAL DYSPLASIAS: J. Spranger; Clin Orthop (Jan.-Feb. 1976, issue
114). Pp.46-59.