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- $Unique_ID{BRK03648}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Dandy-Walker Syndrome}
- $Subject{Dandy-Walker Syndrome Dandy-Walker Cysts Dandy-Walker Deformity
- Internal Hydrocephalus Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus Obstructive
- Hydrocephalus Disorder Subdivision Dandy-Walker Malformation Arnold-Chiari
- Syndrome Hydrocephalus}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1989, 1991 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 275:
- Dandy-Walker Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Dandy-Walker Syndrome) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Dandy-Walker Cysts
- Dandy-Walker Deformity
- Internal Hydrocephalus
- Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus
- Obstructive Hydrocephalus
- Disorder Subdivision
- Dandy-Walker Malformation
-
- Information on the following disease can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Arnold-Chiari Syndrome
- Hydrocephalus
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Dandy-Walker Syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by
- developmental malformations caused by cysts on the fourth ventricle in the
- brain. Cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in this ventricle causing the head to
- become enlarged (hydrocephalus) due to excessive pressure. As a result, the
- brain cannot function properly.
-
- Symptoms
-
- In children born with Dandy-Walker Syndrome, the head is enlarged and the
- fourth ventricle in the brain contains an abnormally large amount of fluid.
- Headache, vomiting, double vision (diplopia) and blurred vision occur.
- Hyperirritability, weakness and congested veins in the scalp are other
- symptoms of this syndrome. The anterior soft spot in the skull tends to
- bulge. The cranial seams (sutures) are separated and the scalp tends to be
- shiny and thin. The eyes are displaced downward. The reflexes are often
- exaggerated and the foot makes abnormal rapid extension and relaxation
- movements induced by suddenly pushing up the foot (ankle clonus). Heart beat
- and breathing tend to be slow.
-
- Disorder Subdivision:
-
- Dandy-Walker Malformation is similar to Dandy-Walker Syndrome. However,
- it occurs as a central nervous system disorder that develops alone or in
- combination with other abnormalities. It may be genetic, congenital (present
- at birth), or develop for unknown reasons. Hydrocephalus develops in 85% of
- the patients.
-
- Causes
-
- Dandy-Walker Syndrome is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder. A
- congenital obstruction in the windows from the fourth ventricle in the brain
- prevents the entrance of cerebrospinal fluid into the subarachnoid space
- above the fourth ventricle in the brain.
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not
- appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If
- one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be
- a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Dandy-Walker Syndrome is very rare. According to one report of ten children
- with the syndrome treated surgically in Philadelphia, seven were male and
- three were female.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Arnold-Chiari syndrome is a defect in the formation of several brainstem
- areas. The cerebellar tonsils are elongated and protrude through the hole in
- the skull at the entrance of the spinal cord, the rounded elevations of the
- middle brain tend to beak, and the upper neck (cervical) portion of the
- spinal cord is thick. Excessive fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus) may
- result from blockage of the fourth ventricle as in Dandy-Walker Syndrome.
- (For more information on this disorder, choose "Arnold-Chiari" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Hydrocephalus is a symptom that can be caused by a variety of
- neurological disorders. Treatment of this symptom is surgical implantation
- of a shunt which drains excess fluid from the brain. (For more information
- on this disorder, choose "hydrocephalus" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment for Dandy-Walker Syndrome consists of surgically performing
- combined shunt procedures to the posterior ridge cyst and the lateral
- ventricles, draining fluid from the inside of brain. In many cases this
- procedure prolongs the life of children with Dandy-Walker Syndrome. Special
- education services are useful to children who have mental retardation.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through August
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Dandy-Walker Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Hydrocephalus Parent Support Group
- 225 Dickinson St., H-893
- San Diego, CA 92103
- (619) 695-3139, or (619) 726-0507
-
- National Hydrocephalus Foundation
- 400 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1102
- Chicago, IL 60611-4102
-
- Hydrocephalus Association
- 870 Market St., Suite 955
- San Francisco, CA 94102
- (415) 776-4713
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- Problems of Diagnosis and Treatment in the Dandy-Walker Syndrome: HE James et
- al.; in: Child's Brain 5: 24-30 (1979).
-
-