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- $Unique_ID{BRK03625}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Cor Biloculare}
- $Subject{Cor Biloculare Atrial-Ventricular Septal Defect}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 137:
- Cor Biloculare
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Cor Biloculare) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Atrial-Ventricular Septal Defect
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section.
-
-
- Cor biloculare is a form of congenital heart defect. The normal human
- heart has two chambers separated from each other by a partition called the
- atrial septum, and two other chambers, the ventricles, also separated by a
- septum. Valves connect the atria (left and right) to their respective
- ventricles. In cor biloculare, these septa fail to develop properly. The
- heart has a single atrium and a single ventricle, with a single valve
- connecting the two. The body tissues receive reduced amounts of oxygen, and
- the lungs fail to function properly due to excessively high blood pressure in
- the pulmonary circulation. If untreated, potentially fatal congestive heart
- failure, characterized by generalized swelling, great difficulty in
- breathing, and rapid heartbeat may result.
-
- About half the cases of cor biloculare are associated with Down's
- Syndrome (mongoloidism). (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Down" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.) Although this is a
- severe heart defect, some untreated patients may survive into adulthood;
- most, however, eventually undergo corrective surgery.
-
- Please see the articles on atrial septal defects and ventricular septal
- defects in the Rare Disease Database for more information on the workings of
- the normal heart and the consequences of septal defects.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Patients with cor biloculare have only two heart chambers instead of the
- usual four, as described above. This causes inefficient pumping of the blood
- both through the lungs and through the arteries to the rest of the body, and
- damage to the lungs. Congestive heart failure may gradually develop during
- infancy, with accumulation of fluid in the lungs and other tissues,
- difficulty breathing, and generalized swelling. Initial indications of this
- condition include poor feeding and somnolence, rapid breathing and rapid
- heartbeat.
-
- In addition, freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs mixes with "spent",
- venous, blood in the heart; this mixture then is pumped to the body tissues,
- carrying barely adequate amounts of oxygen. For this reason, the tissues
- look pale or bluish (cyanosis). Occasionally, there may be "hypoxic spells",
- when the blood cannot supply enough oxygen, with possible breathlessness,
- fainting, limpness, coma, or convulsions.
-
- Patients with this disorder are likely to have frequent pneumonias and
- bronchitis, which in turn can precipitate heart failure. They are also at
- risk for embolisms or thrombosis (blockage of blood vessels by blood clots),
- brain abscesses, and bacterial infections of the inner lining of the heart.
-
- The electrocardiogram in cor biloculare is typical and therefore useful
- in making a diagnosis. Heart murmurs are also present.
-
- Causes
-
- Various factors may result in congenital heart disease such as cor
- biloculare. They include environmental influences such as infections or
- drugs taken during pregnancy, and maternal diseases, such as diabetes or
- systemic lupus erythematosus. Genetic predispositions also can be
- significant, especially when combined with environmental effects. Heart
- defects are especially common in persons with chromosomal aberrations,
- particularly Down's syndrome.
-
- Affected Population
-
- About half the cases of cor biloculare occur in children with Down's
- Syndrome.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Cor biloculare is one of many possible congenital heart defects. Most
- closely related are atrial and ventricular septal defects. Cor triloculare
- biatriatum consists of the presence of three heart chambers, two atria and
- one ventricle (i.e., the ventricular septum fails to develop). In cor
- triloculare biventricularis, there are two ventricles but only one large
- atrium.
-
- For more information, choose "atrial septal" and "biloculare" as your
- search terms in the Rare Disease Database.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Infants with cor biloculare should be referred to a hospital able to perform
- sophisticated diagnostic and cardiovascular surgical procedures.
- Echocardiography is especially useful in diagnosis. Open heart surgery will
- probably be indicated, although it is not always successful. Operations
- performed before the age of one year are usually the most successful.
-
- Before surgery is performed, congestive heart failure must be managed in
- other ways. These include reducing fluid volume with diuretics, reduction of
- salt intake, and the administration of digitalis to increase the strength
- and decrease the rate of the heart. Oxygen therapy may also be beneficial.
-
- Because patients are susceptible to endocarditis (infection of the inner
- lining if the heart), they are given antibiotics after tooth extractions and
- surgery to prevent potentially dangerous infections. Similarly, respiratory
- infections are treated vigorously and early.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through March
- 1987. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Cor Biloculare, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- American Heart Association
- 7320 Greenville Ave.
- Dallas, TX 75231
- (214) 750-5300
-
- NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 421-8453
-
- American Lung Association
- 1740 Broadway
- New York, NY 10019
- (212) 315-8700
-
- National Down Syndrome Society
- 70 West 40th Street
- New York, NY 10018
- (212) 764-3070
- (800) 221-4602 (toll free number)
-
- National Down Syndrome Congress
- 1640 West Roosevelt Road
- Chicago, IL 60608
- (312) 226-0416
- (800) 446-3835 (toll free number)
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
-