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- $Unique_ID{BRK03624}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Conversion Disorder}
- $Subject{Conversion Disorder Hysterical Neurosis, Conversion Type Somatization
- Disorder Hypochondria}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 690:
- Conversion Disorder
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Conversion Disorder)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Hysterical Neurosis, Conversion Type
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Somatization Disorder
- Hypochondria
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Conversion disorder is a mental illness characterized by the loss or
- alteration of physical functioning without any physiological reason. These
- physical symptoms are the result of emotional conflicts or needs. The
- symptoms usually appear suddenly and at times of extreme psychological
- stress. A lack of concern over the debilitating symptoms (la belle
- indifference) distinguishes this mental illness from other physiological
- disorders.
-
- Symptoms
-
- An individual with a conversion disorder usually exhibits only one symptom.
- However, if episodes reoccur the symptom may appear in a different location
- or with varying severity.
-
- The most common symptoms of conversion disorder are those that are
- usually associated with neurological disease. These include paralysis, a
- loss of voice (aphonia), disturbances in coordination, impaired or jerky
- movements, temporary blindness, tunnel vision, a loss of the sense of smell
- (anosmia) or touch (anesthesia), or a tingling sensation to the skin
- (parensthesia).
-
- Psychiatrists believe that conversion disorder symptoms may be symbolic
- resolutions to psychological conflicts. For example, vomiting may represent
- revulsion and disgust, or blindness the inability to accept the witnessing of
- a traumatic event. It is important that physiological diseases be ruled out
- before a diagnosis of conversion disorder can be made.
-
- Causes
-
- Conversion disorder is caused by an inner conflict that creates extreme
- psychological stress. The conversion symptoms represent a partial solution
- to conflict. A soldier who subconsciously wishes to avoid firing a gun may
- develop a paralyzed hand, or a person who wishes to prevent desertion by a
- spouse may suddenly become unable to walk.
-
- An episode of conversion disorder usually appears and disappears
- suddenly. Other disorders must be ruled out because symptoms of many
- neurological diseases often wax and wane without apparent reason.
-
- Affected Population
-
- There are no statistics available on whether conversion disorder affects men
- or women to a greater degree. Although conversion disorder is extremely
- rare, it appears to occur more frequently in individuals with previous
- physical disorders, and in individuals who are exposed to people with real
- physical symptoms.
-
- Conversion disorder was much more common several decades ago than it is
- today. Most known cases have appeared in military settings, particularly
- during wartime. One particular symptom, a lump in the throat that interferes
- with swallowing (globus hystericus), is more common in females.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of conversion
- disorder. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Somatization Disorder is a psychological disorder characterized by
- frequent and numerous physical complaints that are not due to any physical
- disorder. The disorder begins before the age of 30 and complaints are
- usually vague, dramatic and exaggerated. The patient is usually found to be
- under the care of several physicians simultaneously.
-
- Hypochondria is a psychological disorder in which there is a
- preoccupation with having a serious disease without any physical disorder.
- This fear continues despite medical reassurance that there is no physical
- problem.
-
- Neurological disorders that can cause similar waxing and waning symptoms,
- but have a physiological basis include multiple sclerosis, Tourette syndrome,
- Wilson's disease, demyelinating polyneuropathy, and many, many more disorders
- affecting the central nervous system.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of conversion disorder varies with the individual. Psychoanalysis,
- family therapy, or specific life changes such as a job change or homemaking
- assistance may all be helpful. Hypnosis may remove specific symptoms, but a
- substitute symptom often arises. Certain symptoms may disappear with the use
- of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs.
-
- The conversion symptom of temporary paralysis may be treated by
- electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Conversion Disorder, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Mental Health Association
- 1021 Prince St.
- Alexandria, VA 22314
-
- National Alliance for the Mentally Ill
- 1901 N. Fort Meyer Dr., Suite 500
- Arlington, VA 22209
- (703) 524-7600
-
- National Mental Health Consumer Self-Help Clearinghouse
- 311 S. Juniper St., Rm. 902
- Philadelphia, PA 19107
- (215) 735-2481
-
- NIH/National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20205
- (301) 443-4515 or (301) 496-1752
- (800) 421-4211 (24 hrs.)
-
- References
-
- DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS, 3d.: R.L. Spitzer,
- et al., eds; American Psychiatric Association, 1984. Pp. 257-259.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL, Volume 2, 14th Ed.: Robert Berkow, M.D. ed.-in-chief;
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Laboratories, 1982. Pp. 952-953.
-
- GLOBUS HYSTERICUS SYNDROME RESPONSIVENESS TO ANTIDEPRESSANTS. I.H.
- Bangash et al.; AM J PSYCHIATRY 1986 Jul: 143(7):917-918.
-
- THE UTILITY OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC BIOFEEDBACK IN THE TREATMENT OF
- CONVERSION PARALYSIS. D.A. Fishbain et al.; AM J PSYCHIATRY 1988 Dec:
- 145(12):1572-5.
-
-