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- $Unique_ID{BRK03626}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Cor Triatriatum}
- $Subject{Cor Triatriatum Triatrial Heart}
- $Subject{}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 136:
- Cor Triatriatum
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Cor Triatriatum) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonym
-
- Triatrial Heart
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section.
-
-
- Cor triatriatum is a form of congenital heart defect. The normal human
- heart has two chambers called atria, separated from each other by a partition
- called the atrial septum, and two other chambers, the ventricles, also
- separated by a septum. Valves connect the atria to their respective
- ventricles. In cor triatriatum, due to a problem in embryonic development,
- there is an extra, small chamber above the left atrium, separated from it by
- a membrane with an opening to the atrium proper. The pulmonary veins,
- returning from the lungs, drain into this "third atrium", which slows passage
- of blood to the left atrium and ventricle, simulating obstruction of the
- valve between the left atrium and ventricle. Features of congestive heart
- failure may eventually develop. The condition is extremely rare.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Approximately one half of infants born with this condition die soon after
- birth. Survival depends on the size of the opening between the extra
- chamber, and the left atrium proper. In survivors and initially asymptomatic
- patients, the heart progressively enlarges, and eventually congestive heart
- failure can develop. There is generalized fluid retention and swelling as
- the heart is unable to force sufficient amounts of blood through the
- arteries, an inability to breathe, poor oxygen supply to the tissues, and
- rapid heartbeat. Untreated, this condition may become life threatening.
-
- Patients with congenital heart disease are likely to have frequent
- pneumonias and bronchitis, which in turn can precipitate heart failure. They
- are also at risk for embolism or thrombosis (blockage of blood vessels by
- blood clots or bubbles), brain abscesses, and bacterial infections of the
- inner lining of the heart.
-
- The electro-cardiographic readings in cor triatriatum are characteristic;
- they are useful in making a diagnosis. Heart murmurs and diagnostic heart
- sounds are also present.
-
- Causes
-
- Various factors may result in congenital heart disease such as cor
- triatriatum. They include environmental influences such as infections or
- drugs taken during pregnancy, and maternal disease, such as diabetes or
- systemic lupus erythematosus. Genetic predispositions may also play a role,
- especially combined with environmental effects. Heart defects are common in
- persons with chromosomal aberrations, particularly Down's syndrome.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Cor triatriatum simulates mitral valve stenosis (obstruction).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Infants with cor triatriatum should be referred to a hospital able to perform
- sophisticated diagnostic and cardiovascular surgical procedures.
- Echocardiography is especially useful in diagnosis. Open heart surgery will
- probably be needed eventually; most successful operations are performed
- before the age of one year.
-
- Before surgery is finally performed, congestive heart failure must be
- managed. This includes reducing fluid volume with diuretics, reduction of
- salt intake, and the administration of digitalis to increase the strength and
- decrease the rate of the heart contractions. Oxygen may also be beneficial.
-
- Because patients are susceptible to endocarditis (infection of the inner
- lining if the heart), they are given antibiotics after tooth extractions and
- surgery to prevent potentially dangerous infections. Similarly, respiratory
- infections are treated vigorously, and early if possible.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through March
- 1987. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Cor Triatriatum, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- American Heart Association
- 7320 Greenville Ave.
- Dallas, TX 75231
- (214) 750-5300
-
- NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 421-8453
-
- American Lung Association
- 1740 Broadway
- New York, NY 10019
- (212) 315-8700
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
-