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- $Unique_ID{BRK02108}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Vaccination-Resistant Tuberculosis Germs}
- $Subject{tuberculosis bacteria antibiotics antibiotic TB germ respiratory
- disease diseases lungs infection infections skin test rifampin isoniazid
- pyrazinamide strains mutations therapy resistance resistant germs vaccination
- vaccinations}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (c) 1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
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- Vaccination-Resistant Tuberculosis Germs
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- QUESTION: A newspaper story related that the reason that tuberculosis is now
- becoming a threat once again is that the antibiotics used to kill it don't
- work any more. Does this mean there is something wrong with the way they
- produce the antibiotic? Just how much danger are we all in if the medical
- defense against this infection is defective? I am very worried as I know that
- my own grandmother died of this disease, many years ago.
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- ANSWER: There has been a great deal written lately about the battle against
- this infectious disease because of the rise in the number of new cases being
- seen. After years that seemed to indicate that tuberculosis (TB) was on the
- road to extinction, suddenly in 1985 the number of reported cases began to
- rise, jumping almost 18 percent in the last six years. But it isn't due to
- any failure of the antibiotics we have been using, but more to the changes
- that can occur in the TB germ, when medications are not continued as they
- should be in proper doses over the time necessary to completely wipe out the
- bacteria in the body.
- Tuberculosis is caused by a bacteria, and is not nearly as catching as
- many other respiratory disease like flu or the common cold. It enters the
- body through the lungs, as it is carried through the air we breathe in. And
- it takes prolonged exposure to the germ from someone who is suffering from
- the active stage of the disease to become infected. Small living areas, such
- as occur in confined quarters that exist in prisons, or crowded housing,
- concentrate the amount of bacteria in the air as well. It is not transmitted
- by touching, by food, or by coming in contact with inanimate objects that have
- been touched by a person who has TB. Actually our bodies' immune systems are
- quite effective in fighting the TB germs, which grow slowly, and 9 out of 10
- people who become infected never actually become sick or show the signs of an
- active disease. But we know when someone has been infected by the TB germ,
- for the skin test becomes positive, showing that they have developed the
- antibodies to fight the infection.
- However, when a person does become infected, they can be completely
- cured, IF they take the right medications, sometimes as many as three at once,
- for a period that can exceed 6 months. The most commonly used medications are
- rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. However, when the medicines are not
- taken in high enough doses on a regular, daily basis, new strains of the TB
- germ may develop. Due to mutations, a few of the more than 100 million
- bacteria that may be present in the colony change, and are able to survive
- the amount of medicine that is present. A full, regular dose of all three
- medicines would be sufficient to kill even these germs, but the weaker dose
- that results from using only one drug, or from missed and forgotten pills,
- allows these new resistant forms of the TB germ to survive. They in turn
- reproduce, forming new colonies of resistant germs. Thus resistance to
- therapy develops in individuals who are poorly treated, untreated, or who fail
- to precisely follow the course of therapy. Once an individual is infected
- with resistant TB germs, it becomes harder to cure, and although there are a
- group of second line antibiotics available, the treatment times are longer,
- and the cures take much longer to achieve. Thus it is not a failure of the
- antibiotics we now have that is allowing the TB bug to re-emerge as a health
- problem, but rather the manner in which our society has changed, and our
- ability to care for all our citizens properly.
-
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- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-