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- THE WEEK, Page 20HEALTH & SCIENCEFamily Planning Reaches the Forest
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- A contraceptive vaccine could lick the deer overpopulation
- problem
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- To city dwellers, wild deer are perhaps the ultimate symbol
- of bucolic country life. But for many who live in the country and
- the suburbs, the animals are little better than rats with
- hooves, pests that voraciously eat gardens and crops, collide
- with cars and play host to ticks that carry Lyme disease. From a
- turn-of-the-century low of 500,000, white-tailed deer in the
- continental U.S. have rebounded to a population of 25 million --
- about as many as there were before hunting, land-clearing
- Europeans colonized America -- and that is just too many to
- coexist comfortably with modern society. Still, simply killing
- off the excess raises questions of safety and ethics,
- especially in the suburbs.
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- Now researchers working with the Humane Society of the
- U.S. are trying a kinder, gentler approach: birth control. Led
- by Jay Kirkpatrick, a biologist at Eastern Montana College,
- they are rounding up wild does at the National Zoo's research
- center in Front Royal, Virginia, and inoculating them with what
- amounts to an antipregnancy vaccine. Developed by Kirkpatrick
- and two other scientists, the technique, known as
- immunocontraception, involves injecting a protein extracted from
- the reproductive system of a pig. In making antibodies to attack
- the foreign pig protein, the deer's immune system also attacks
- the doe's own, very similar protein. The result is temporary
- sterility.
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- Immunocontraception has already been field-tested
- successfully with wild horses on Assateague Island, off
- Maryland. If this and other planned tests work equally well, the
- vaccine could become the method of choice for controlling
- booming deer populations. It could even, in theory, be used as
- a one-shot, long-lasting human contraceptive as well.
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