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- THE WEEK, Page 20HEALTH & SCIENCESpace Invader
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- A huge impact 370 million years ago may have killed off most
- life on earth
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- A comet or an asteroid strike about 65 million years ago is
- the favored explanation for why dinosaurs vanished from the earth
- so abruptly after having dominated the planet for the preceding
- 70 million years. The tremendous plume of smoke and dust thrown
- into the atmosphere by the space intruder's impact, equivalent
- to perhaps a million hydrogen bombs, would have blocked out
- sunlight for months. The globe would have gone into a dark, deep
- freeze, killing first the plants and then the giant lizards that
- fed on them, directly or indirectly -- paving the way for
- mammals, and eventually humans, to take over.
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- Now a report in Science suggests that 370 million years
- ago, during the Late Devonian period, a comet or asteroid
- caused an even greater catastrophe, one that wiped out fully 70%
- of all marine species on earth. American and Belgian scientists
- have found tiny glass beads just .3 mm (.004 in.) across,
- embedded in underground sediments in Belgium. The beads, called
- microtektites, are thought to be caused when silicon and other
- minerals melt and then cool following either a volcanic eruption
- or a high-speed impact. The chemical composition of these beads
- seems to point much more convincingly to an impact, and the
- theory is supported by the existence of at least two giant
- impact craters (one in Sweden and one in Quebec), also about 370
- million years old. It also strengthens the idea that evolution
- owes much to giant rocks falling from space.
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