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$Unique_ID{bob00475}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Rwanda
Statistical Profile of Rwanda}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{rate
km
million
national
total
land
population
rwanda
rwandese
hear
audio
hear
sound
see
pictures
see
figures
}
$Date{1990}
$Log{Hear National Anthem*64375010.aud
See Map of Rwanda*0047501.scf
See Flag of Rwanda*0047502.scf
}
Title: Rwanda
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Rwanda]
[See Flag of Rwanda]
Statistical Profile of Rwanda
Geography
Total area: 26,340 km2; land area: 24,950 km2
Comparative area: slightly smaller than Maryland
Land boundaries: 893 km total; Burundi 290 km, Tanzania 217 km,
Uganda 169 km, Zaire 217 km
Coastline: none--landlocked
Maritime claims: none--landlocked
Climate: temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November
to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible
Terrain: mostly grassy uplands and hills; mountains in west
Natural resources: gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten
ore), natural gas, hydropower
Land use: 29% arable land; 11% permanent crops; 18% meadows and
pastures; 10% forest and woodland; 32% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
Environment: deforestation; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion;
periodic droughts
Note: landlocked
People
Population: 7,322,039 (July 1989), growth rate 3.8% (1989)
Birth rate: 53 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 16 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 117 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 49 years male, 53 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 8.5 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Rwandan(s); adjective--Rwandese
Ethnic divisions: 90% Hutu, 9% Tutsi, 1% Twa (Pygmoid)
Religion: 65% Roman Catholic, 9% Protestant, 9% Muslim, 17% indigenous
beliefs and other
Language: Kinyarwanda, French (official); Kiswahili used in commercial
centers
Literacy: 37%
Labor force: 3,600,000; 93% agriculture, 5% government and services,
2% industry and commerce; 49% of population of working age (1985)
Organized labor: NA
Government
Long-form name: Republic of Rwanda; note--may be changed to Rwandese
Republic
Type: republic; presidential system in which military leaders hold key
offices
Capital: Kigali
Administrative divisions: 10 prefectures (prefectures,
singular--prefecture in French; plural--NA, singular--prefegitura in
Kinyarwanda); Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo,
Kibuye, Rigali, Ruhengeri
Constitution: 17 December 1978
Independence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian
administration)
Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary
law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Branches: executive--president, 16-member Cabinet; legislative--unicameral
National Development Council; judicial--four senior courts, magistrates
Leader: Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYARIMANA, President and Head of
State (since 1973)
Suffrage: universal adult
Elections: national elections including constitutional referendum and
presidential plebiscite, held December 1988; National Development Council
elected and President Habyarimana reelected in December 1988
Political parties and leaders: National Revolutionary Movement for
Development (MRND), General Habyarimana (officially a development movement,
not a party)
Communists: no Communist party
Member of: AfDB, EAMA, CCC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD,
IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO,
WTO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Aloys UWIMANA; Chancery at
1714 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202) 232-2882;
US--Ambassador Leonard H. O. SPEARMAN, Sr.; Embassy at Boulevard de la
Revolution, Kigali (mailing address is B. P. 28, Kigali);
telephone [205] 75601 through 75603 or 72126 through 72128
Flag: three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green
with a large black letter R centered in the yellow band; uses the popular
pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Guinea, which has a plain
yellow band
Economy
Overview: About 40% of GDP comes from the agricultural sector; coffee
and tea make up 80-90% of total exports. The amount of fertile land is limited,
however, and deforestation and soil erosion have created problems. The
industrial sector in Rwanda is small, contributing less than 20% to GDP.
Manufacturing focuses mainly on the processing of agricultural products.
GNP: $2.3 billion, per capita $340; real growth rate - 2.8% (1987)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.1% (1987)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget: revenues $270 million; expenditures $330 million, including
capital expenditures of $49 million (1987 est.)
Exports: $113 million (f.o.b., 1987); commodities--coffee 85%, tea,
tin, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrethrum; partners--FRG, Belgium, Italy,
Uganda, UK, France, US
Imports: $352 million (c.i.f., 1987); commodities--textiles,
foodstuffs, machines and equipment, capital goods, steel, petroleum products,
cement and construction material; partners--US, Belgium, FRG, Kenya, Japan
External debt: $537 million (December 1988)
Industrial production: growth rate 7.5% (1987)
Electricity: 26,000 kW capacity; 112 million kWh produced,
15 kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolframite (tungsten
ore), tin, cement, agricultural processing, small-scale beverage production,
soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes
Agriculture: cash crops--coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from
chrysanthemums); main food crops--bananas, cassava; stock raising;
self-sufficiency declining; country imports foodstuffs
Aid: NA
Currency: Rwandese franc (plural--francs); 1 Rwandese franc (RF) = 100
centimes
Exchange rates: Rwandese francs (RF) per US$1--77.49 (January 1989),
76.45 (1988), 79.67 (1987), 87.64 (1986), 101.26 (1985)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Highways: 4,885 km total; 460 km paved, 1,725 km gravel and/or improved
earth, 2,700 km unimproved
Inland waterways: Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native
craft
Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft
Airports: 8 total, 8 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with
runways 2,440-3,659 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: fair system with low-capacity radio relay system
centered on Kigali; 6,600 telephones; stations--2 AM, 5 FM, no TV;
SYMPHONIE satellite station; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station
Defense Forces
Branches: Army, paramilitary, Gendarmerie
Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,525,399; 779,892 fit for military
service; no conscription
Military budget: $44 million, 12% of central government budget (1987)