$Unique_ID{bob00475} $Pretitle{} $Title{Rwanda Statistical Profile of Rwanda} $Subtitle{} $Author{Central Intelligence Agency} $Affiliation{United States Government} $Subject{rate km million national total land population rwanda rwandese hear audio hear sound see pictures see figures } $Date{1990} $Log{Hear National Anthem*64375010.aud See Map of Rwanda*0047501.scf See Flag of Rwanda*0047502.scf } Title: Rwanda Book: CIA World Factbook Author: Central Intelligence Agency Affiliation: United States Government Date: 1990 [Hear National Anthem] [See Map of Rwanda] [See Flag of Rwanda] Statistical Profile of Rwanda Geography Total area: 26,340 km2; land area: 24,950 km2 Comparative area: slightly smaller than Maryland Land boundaries: 893 km total; Burundi 290 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km, Zaire 217 km Coastline: none--landlocked Maritime claims: none--landlocked Climate: temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible Terrain: mostly grassy uplands and hills; mountains in west Natural resources: gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), natural gas, hydropower Land use: 29% arable land; 11% permanent crops; 18% meadows and pastures; 10% forest and woodland; 32% other; includes NEGL% irrigated Environment: deforestation; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; periodic droughts Note: landlocked People Population: 7,322,039 (July 1989), growth rate 3.8% (1989) Birth rate: 53 births/1,000 population (1989) Death rate: 16 deaths/1,000 population (1989) Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1989) Infant mortality rate: 117 deaths/1,000 live births (1989) Life expectancy at birth: 49 years male, 53 years female (1989) Total fertility rate: 8.5 children born/woman (1989) Nationality: noun--Rwandan(s); adjective--Rwandese Ethnic divisions: 90% Hutu, 9% Tutsi, 1% Twa (Pygmoid) Religion: 65% Roman Catholic, 9% Protestant, 9% Muslim, 17% indigenous beliefs and other Language: Kinyarwanda, French (official); Kiswahili used in commercial centers Literacy: 37% Labor force: 3,600,000; 93% agriculture, 5% government and services, 2% industry and commerce; 49% of population of working age (1985) Organized labor: NA Government Long-form name: Republic of Rwanda; note--may be changed to Rwandese Republic Type: republic; presidential system in which military leaders hold key offices Capital: Kigali Administrative divisions: 10 prefectures (prefectures, singular--prefecture in French; plural--NA, singular--prefegitura in Kinyarwanda); Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye, Rigali, Ruhengeri Constitution: 17 December 1978 Independence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration) Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962) Branches: executive--president, 16-member Cabinet; legislative--unicameral National Development Council; judicial--four senior courts, magistrates Leader: Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYARIMANA, President and Head of State (since 1973) Suffrage: universal adult Elections: national elections including constitutional referendum and presidential plebiscite, held December 1988; National Development Council elected and President Habyarimana reelected in December 1988 Political parties and leaders: National Revolutionary Movement for Development (MRND), General Habyarimana (officially a development movement, not a party) Communists: no Communist party Member of: AfDB, EAMA, CCC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Aloys UWIMANA; Chancery at 1714 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202) 232-2882; US--Ambassador Leonard H. O. SPEARMAN, Sr.; Embassy at Boulevard de la Revolution, Kigali (mailing address is B. P. 28, Kigali); telephone [205] 75601 through 75603 or 72126 through 72128 Flag: three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green with a large black letter R centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Guinea, which has a plain yellow band Economy Overview: About 40% of GDP comes from the agricultural sector; coffee and tea make up 80-90% of total exports. The amount of fertile land is limited, however, and deforestation and soil erosion have created problems. The industrial sector in Rwanda is small, contributing less than 20% to GDP. Manufacturing focuses mainly on the processing of agricultural products. GNP: $2.3 billion, per capita $340; real growth rate - 2.8% (1987) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.1% (1987) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues $270 million; expenditures $330 million, including capital expenditures of $49 million (1987 est.) Exports: $113 million (f.o.b., 1987); commodities--coffee 85%, tea, tin, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrethrum; partners--FRG, Belgium, Italy, Uganda, UK, France, US Imports: $352 million (c.i.f., 1987); commodities--textiles, foodstuffs, machines and equipment, capital goods, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material; partners--US, Belgium, FRG, Kenya, Japan External debt: $537 million (December 1988) Industrial production: growth rate 7.5% (1987) Electricity: 26,000 kW capacity; 112 million kWh produced, 15 kWh per capita (1988) Industries: mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolframite (tungsten ore), tin, cement, agricultural processing, small-scale beverage production, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes Agriculture: cash crops--coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums); main food crops--bananas, cassava; stock raising; self-sufficiency declining; country imports foodstuffs Aid: NA Currency: Rwandese franc (plural--francs); 1 Rwandese franc (RF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Rwandese francs (RF) per US$1--77.49 (January 1989), 76.45 (1988), 79.67 (1987), 87.64 (1986), 101.26 (1985) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Highways: 4,885 km total; 460 km paved, 1,725 km gravel and/or improved earth, 2,700 km unimproved Inland waterways: Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airports: 8 total, 8 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system with low-capacity radio relay system centered on Kigali; 6,600 telephones; stations--2 AM, 5 FM, no TV; SYMPHONIE satellite station; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, paramilitary, Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,525,399; 779,892 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: $44 million, 12% of central government budget (1987)