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- Macao (Chinese: Ao-men) is a special territory of !PORTUGAL!Portugal~
- covering only 15.5 sq km (6 sq mi) at the tip of the Macao
- Peninsula on the Chinese mainland, about 115 km (70 mi) east of
- Canton. Macao's short land border (approximately 200 m/660 ft)
- is thus with China. Macao is located to the west of the Pearl
- River estuary (which flows past Canton to the South China Sea),
- and the British crown colony of Hong Kong lies to the east of
- the estuary. Macao's territory includes the two small islands
- of Taipa and Coloane, which are situated offshore in the South
- China Sea.
-
- LAND, PEOPLE, AND ECONOMY
-
- Macao is an almost totally urban area. Only 10% of the land is
- devoted to agriculture, and Macao possesses no sources of
- freshwater. The climate is tropical, with an average annual
- temperature of 22 deg C (72 deg F); annual precipitation
- averages about 1,800 mm (71 in).
-
- The population of 285,000 (1979 est.) is about 97% Chinese;
- almost 3% Macaon (mixed Chinese-Portuguese descent); and less
- than 1% Portuguese. Although Portuguese is the official
- language, Cantonese Chinese is most widely spoken. The great
- majority of the inhabitants are Buddhist and Taoist, but about
- 17,000 persons are Roman Catholic.
-
- Manufacturing is the most profitable sector of the economy and
- employs the largest portion of the labor force. Textiles are by
- far the leading product, although the government is attempting
- to diversify manufacturing. Fishing is also a major industry;
- in 1977 the catch totaled 2,384 metric tons (2,622 U.S. tons).
- Tourism is a major contributor to the economy, with 2.7 million
- persons visiting Macao in 1977. Macao is heavily dependent on
- China and Hong Kong for food imports, but because Macao exports
- much of its industrial output, the province maintains a
- favorable foreign-trade balance.
-
- HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
-
- The Portuguese settled Macao in 1557 as a base for commercial
- and missionary activities in China. Portuguese sovereignty was
- acknowledged by the Chinese in 1887, and the land border has
- never been precisely demarcated. In 1979, Portuguese control of
- Macao was reaffirmed by the Chinese government.
-
- Macao's government, which was granted internal autonomy in
- 1976, is headed by a governor appointed by the Portuguese
- government. The governor heads the 17-member legislature, which
- consists of 6 elected members, 6 members chosen by business
- organizations, and 5 members appointed by the governor.
-
-