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- The Iberian Peninsula, occupied by Spain and !PORTUGAL!Portugal~, is
- situated in southwestern Europe. It has an area of 580,860 sq
- km (224,270 sq mi). Separated from the rest of Europe to the
- north by the Pyrenees Mountains, it is bounded by the Atlantic
- Ocean on the north and west and the Mediterranean Sea on the
- south and east. The southern tip of the peninsula is separated
- from Africa by the Strait of Gibraltar. The name Iberia, given
- by the Greeks, referred to an ancient people who originally
- lived along the Ebro (Iberus) River.
-
- Five major rivers, of which the Tagus is the largest, drain the
- peninsula. Two-thirds of the peninsula is composed of a great
- central plateau more than 600 m (2,000 ft) in elevation, known
- as the Meseta. This plateau, sparsely populated, has limited
- rainfall, poor soil, and a relatively severe climate, with cold
- winters and hot summers. Agriculture is most successful in the
- river valleys and along both coastal plains, where the winters
- are mild.
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-