Info-Mac 3/Info_Mac_1994-01.iso/Periodical/TidBITs/TidBITS#195

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Subject: TidBITS#195/27-Sep-93
Date: Mon, 27 Sep 93 22:26:30 PDT
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TidBITS#195/27-Sep-93
=====================

New Macs once again grace the electrons of this issue, with
   details on the Quadra 605, the LC 475, and the Duo 250 and
   270c, not to mention an infinite number of strangely numbered
   Performas. The Internet Starter Kit for Macintosh hits the
   shelves and is also available for direct ordering at discount
   for TidBITS readers. Finally, Wolfgang Naegeli reports on
   PowerTalk, and the AudioVision video input port turns out not
   to be live.

This issue of TidBITS sponsored in part by:
* APS Technologies -- 800/443-4199 -- [e-mail]
   APS DAT (2 GB) now priced at $749 internal/$799 external!
   For APS price lists, email: [e-mail] <----- new

Copyright 1990-1993 Adam & Tonya Engst. Details at end of issue.
   Automated info: <[e-mail]> Comments: <[e-mail]>
   --------------------------------------------------------------

Topics:
    MailBITS/27-Sep-93
    PowerBook 165 & 145B Plus Pack
    The Internet Starter Kit for Macintosh
    The Proliferation Continues
    PowerTalk Arrives
    Reviews/27-Sep-93

[Archived as /info-mac/per/tb/tidbits-195.etx; 30K]


MailBITS/27-Sep-93
------------------
  Matthew Cravit <[e-mail]> writes "A colleague of
  mine at work just purchased a Centris 660AV and AudioVision
  monitor. After sorting out the adapter mix-up, he tells me that
  the adapter has one glaring weakness. If you plug something in to
  the Video In port on the monitor, the adapter completely ignores
  that signal. In other words, the Video In jack on the AudioVision
  monitor is useless." [Noah Price of Apple was kind enough to
  confirm this, but he noted that the video input signal is present
  on the large cable, so a third party could make an adapter that
  brings it through to the video input port on the AudioVision
  monitor. -Adam]


PowerBook 165 & 145B Plus Pack
------------------------------
  We forgot to mention the release of the PowerBook 165 a few weeks
  ago. It's not surprising, since it's simply a PowerBook 160 with a
  33 MHz 68030 processor instead of a 25 MHz processor. Unlike the
  160, the 165 comes bundled with AppleLink and AppleTalk Remote
  Access Client software (no server though - maybe Apple would be so
  nice as to set up a public ARA server?). Prices range from $1,969
  to $2,579.

  More recently, Apple introduced the PowerBook 145B Plus Pack, a
  145B that includes an internal fax modem, TouchBASE Pro, DateBook
  Pro, Macintosh PC Exchange, AppleLink, and ZTerm (interesting,
  considering ZTerm has always been shareware). Prices range between
  $1,649 and $1,699, but you can only purchase the Plus Pack from
  mass merchants.


The Internet Starter Kit for Macintosh
--------------------------------------
  My book, The Internet Starter Kit for Macintosh, is printed and
  available for ordering. Bookstores should have it in stock soon.
  You don't have to go through a bookstore, since Hayden accepts
  credit card orders via email, phone, and fax. TidBITS readers
  receive a 20 percent discount by providing the magic code "310D"
  (The discount works for orders of ten books or fewer). Shipping
  costs about $3 per book for U.S. mail or $6 for Federal Express -
  your choice. If you order from overseas, Hayden may mail the book
  from a distributor in your country, thus reducing the postage
  fees. If you live in Indiana, Hayden charges sales tax as well.


Spreading the word
  If you'd like to help me, and in the process help others gain
  access to the Internet, please let Internet providers and user
  groups (who get discounts on bulk orders) know about the book. In
  addition, if your friendly local bookstore doesn't carry the book,
  please ask them to do so. I especially hope college and university
  campus bookstores carry it, since students and staff often have
  difficulty finding good information about the Internet despite
  having amazing connections to the Internet. Thanks for your help!


Ordering Details
    The Internet Starter Kit for Macintosh, by Adam C. Engst.
    Published by Hayden Books. ISBN 1-56830-064-6.
    $29.95 U.S.A. $37.95 Canada. Shipping cost varies.

    800/428-5331 (U.S. toll free voice orders)
    317/581-3535 (U.S. local voice orders in Indiana)
    317/581-3500 (Switchboard voice)
    800/448-3804 (U.S. fax orders)
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    310D (Magic code for 20% discount)


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The Proliferation Continues
---------------------------
  My editorial on the proliferating number of Macs in TidBITS #192_
  incited plenty of comments, ranging from those who agree with me
  (although some think it is too late and that licensing the MacOS
  fit in there as well), to those who thought I wasn't looking hard
  enough for this information (check out the mac-facts files in the
  /info directory at <sumex-aim.stanford.edu>), to those who thought
  I had lost my marbles in suggesting that Apple stoop to the level
  of PC clones. Apple's marketing people didn't respond, and it
  didn't sound like any of the readers who commented had any more
  clout than I do, so I guess we're limited to academic speculation
  for the moment. And of course, back seat driving is always easier.

  Nonetheless, October is fluttering into view like a softly-falling
  leaf, and as we all know, October means new Macs. Here's what I
  know so far.


Naming Schemes
  As I mentioned several weeks ago, Apple will rename the current
  Centris line and add them to the Quadra line, theoretically
  reducing confusion. The Centris 610, 650, and 660AV will retain
  their numbers but become the Quadra 610, 650, and 660AV. That
  seems straightforward, but just to pull our chains a bit, the
  $1,550 Quadra 610 will be exactly like a Centris 610 with a full
  25 MHz 68040, not the FPU-less 68LC040 that it sports now. The
  $2,300 Quadra 650 will pull a similar stunt, resembling a Centris
  650 with a bump in clock speed from 25 MHz to 33 MHz. The Quadra
  660AV will merely get a new nameplate. I wonder if this means that
  the few people who bought Centris 660AVs can consider them
  collector's editions and sell them for a lot of money in 50 years.


Quadra 605
  Don't count that 68LC040 out with the demise of the Centris 610.
  The new $1,500 Quadra 605 will use a 25 MHz version of the chip in
  a completely new case that's reportedly even smaller than the LC
  case. There's nothing inherently wrong with a new, smaller case,
  but I hope the motherboard size becomes a standard so we don't see
  another orphan case, as was used for the IIsi. The case won't have
  room for removable-storage drives such as CD-ROM drives, although
  it will have room for a single PDS card. I wonder if, like in the
  Centris 610 and 660AV, if the size of the card will be limited,
  and if so, to what size?


LC 475
  The Quadra 605 will share the 25 MHz 68LC040 with the new LC 475.
  Internally, the LC 475 will differ from the LC III by supporting
  all of Apple's monitors up to the 21" model, presumably with
  additional VRAM and perhaps improved video circuitry. The LC 475
  will be fully Energy Star-compliant, which means that it will use
  significantly reduced amounts of power even when in operation
  rather than relying on a sleep mode.


PowerBook Duos
  Apple's much-maligned (but extremely cute) PowerBook Duo line will
  gain two new models, the 250 and the 270c. The 250 shares the
  innards of a Duo 230 but adds an active matrix LCD screen, that,
  much like the PowerBook 180, can display 16 shades of grey. The
  270c, on the other hand, adds an FPU and the capability of
  handling up to 32 MB of RAM (up from 24 MB, although I haven't
  heard of many people able to afford even 24 MB of Duo RAM), along
  with an 8.4" active matrix color LCD screen. In a new twist, it
  will be capable of displaying 16-bit color (Apple's standard these
  days, it seems) in 640 by 400 pixels (the standard size for most
  PowerBook screens), or 8-bit color at 640 by 480 pixels (the
  standard size for 14" monitors). Both of the new Duos use a new
  type of nickel metal hydride (NiHy) battery that Apple claims will
  power the 250 for 2.5 to 6 hours and the 270c for 2 to 4 hours. I
  wonder why Apple's battery technology advances only keep pace with
  the increasing power appetites of new PowerBooks.

  Prices on the new machines will be a bit steep at about $2,750 for
  the 250 and $3,300 for the 270c, but for those of us (yes, Tonya
  just bought a Duo 230 named Molly) with Duos, upgrades will be
  available. Call me a stick in the mud, but I don't mind even the
  passive matrix monochrome screen on Sally, our PowerBook 100.


Performas
  Several people noted in response to my proliferation article that
  Apple is splitting the lines, aiming Quadras aimed at businesses,
  LCs at education, and Performas at home users (PowerBooks cross
  all boundaries). I can accept the basic idea, but I have a quibble
  with limiting LC purchases to education, if that is indeed Apple's
  plan, and forcing home users to buy machines at Big Bob's House o'
  Computers. I'm sure many superstores and mass market resellers do
  a fine job of support, but every time we've visited the Performas
  at Sears, at least one of the machines is crashed, one isn't set
  up right, and talking to the salesthings gives the impression they
  aren't entirely sure which side of the mouse is up.

  That may be our fate, though, and the choices will become utterly
  confusing with the addition of seven new models. I'm going to
  explain these in terms of existing models, since that's the only
  way I can wrap my mind around them.

  First comes the Performa 410, an LC II with an 80 MB drive and 4
  MB to 10 MB of RAM, priced around $1,000. The 405 and 430 may go
  away, since they are also LC IIs with differing RAM and hard disk
  configurations. The 450, an LC III, sticks around, but will be
  bested by the Performa 460, 466, and 467, which share the LC III's
  specs but a 33 MHz 68030 over the usual 25 MHz CPU. As far as I
  can tell, the 466 and 467 will have different hard disk and
  monitor configurations, and the lot of them will range from $1,100
  to $1,400.

  Home users won't have to stop at 68030 processing power with the
  new 475 and 476, both of which use that FPU-less 68LC040 that's in
  the Quadra 605 and LC 475. Otherwise they resemble the LC III in
  case and memory capabilities (36 MB maximum) and differ only in
  price and hard drive size (160 MB for $1,550 versus 230 MB for
  $1,800).

  The final addition to the Performa line is the Performa 550, a
  souped-up (33 MHz) LC 520, the all-in-one Mac that has yet to see
  the light of day for non-education users in the U.S. It includes a
  color monitor and internal CD-ROM drive, and from all reports, is
  a slick machine. In addition, the IIvx-clone Performa 600 remains
  in the line.

  Still with me? You'll never hold on after this one. MacWEEK
  reported that Apple will only sell certain models to certain
  retailers. The MacWEEK list claimed that, for instance, Price Club
  will sell the 466 and 476; Circuit City the 460 and 476, and Sears
  the 460, 475, and 550.

  Put yourself in the shoes of Joe Homeuser. Joe wants to buy a Mac,
  and if he does his homework, he might go to Sears to buy the cheap
  410. But Sears doesn't carry it (and can you imagine the
  salesthing telling Joe to go to Wal-Mart instead of pushing a
  different model?), so Joe is out of luck unless there happens to
  be a Wal-Mart nearby. Assume instead that Joe hasn't done his
  homework and goes to Price Club. Never mind the fact that the
  Performa 550 might be the ideal machine for Joe, if they don't
  sell it the salesthing isn't going even tell Joe about it, and Joe
  will either buy a machine that's not right or go home unhappy,
  thinking Macs aren't for him. I won't pretend that the dealer
  channel is necessarily any better, but as it stands, a dealer can
  sell most any Mac and thus won't be as tempted to pull the wool
  over the buyer's eyes. I'm sure abuses happen, where a salesthing
  convinces some poor sap to buy a machine that's more powerful than
  necessary because of the higher commission, or perhaps a machine
  that isn't right because the right one isn't in stock at that
  moment, but making the user find the proper store to buy a certain
  Mac strikes me as lunacy.


PowerTalk Arrives
-----------------
  by Wolfgang Naegeli -- [e-mail]

  [Next week Apple will reportedly release PowerTalk, the AOCE
  client software, although the server software, the PowerShare
  Collaboration Server, won't ship until early next year. PowerTalk
  will appear along with System 7 Pro, which also includes
  AppleScript, QuickTime, and some small enhancements, possibly
  along with version 7.1.1 of the System. Like System 7.1, Apple
  will sell System 7 Pro via retail channels and may bundle it with
  certain Macs. To introduce PowerTalk, Wolfgang Naegeli prepared
  this report after Mactivity '93, the networking show held early
  this summer. -Adam]

  Mactivity '93 was kicked off by Gursharan Sidhu (the "father" of
  the AppleTalk protocol and now the Technical Director of
  Collaborative Systems Development) with a presentation and live
  demonstration of PowerTalk. Sidhu demonstrated PowerTalk on a
  PowerBook running the Golden Master Beta of PowerTalk. In what was
  clearly not a rigged demo, everything worked robustly and
  smoothly. Andy Lauta, Senior Product Manager, gave an in-depth
  presentation of PowerTalk in a later session.

  PowerTalk differs from workgroup computing solutions such as Lotus
  Notes or Windows for Workgroups in that it focuses on the
  individual user rather than the group. Apple research found that
  large numbers of users are part of more than one work group, and
  that the one-solution-fits-all approach of the competition has
  many problems in such situations. PowerTalk hides the complexity
  of various individual technologies, presenting the user with a
  standard interface to all of them. It is not simply an add-on
  application, like many other groupware products; when installed,
  PowerTalk becomes an integral part of the operating system.


Design Goals
  PowerTalk's design goals were to effectively address four
  challenges important in collaborative computing:

1) Separation - Not all workgroups are located in one place.
  Increasingly, teams spread over more than a single building, city,
  or country. Team members may travel or work at home. PowerTalk
  integrates mobile computing effectively with stationary computing
  using AFP (AppleTalk Filing Protocol) for file sharing, Apple
  events for IAC (Inter-Application Communication), CTB
  (Communication Toolbox) to access remote systems, and various
  directory services.

2) Simultaneity - Not all workgroup members are reachable at the
  same time. PowerTalk's advanced store-and-forward architecture
  facilitates work flows among team members on different schedules
  and in different time zones. This architecture uses AppleMail,
  fax, voicemail, and other email and messaging services.

3) Trust - Sidhu contends that present systems tell the user, "I
  am God, give me your password!" PowerTalk implements standard
  mechanisms to ensure message authenticity, privacy, and approval
  for access to services. The user can insist: "Prove to me that you
  are God." Technologies used include authentication, encryption,
  digital signatures, and electronic directories (catalogs).

4) Comprehension - It is not enough to display information as
  common data formats, such as the traditional ASCII text. The
  system needs to be knowledgeable about the various components of
  typical information streams and about the relationships among
  them. Technologies used are standard message formats and
  translators.

  In addition to the system software extensions for the client
  computer, which require about 1 MB of RAM, plus some 100K for
  additional Service Access Modules (SAMs), Apple will sell At Your
  Service (AYS) server software that runs on any 68020 Mac or better
  with at least System 7.0. AYS includes mail, catalog, and time
  services. Apple will ship SAMs that support direct AppleTalk
  connections, dial-up connections, and the AYS store & forward
  mechanism. [I believe the AYS server is what Apple now calls the
  PowerShare Collaboration Server. -Adam]


Catalogs
  PowerTalk enriches the Macintosh desktop with three new icons, one
  of which is the Catalog Browser. Catalogs are implemented in an
  open object database architecture and contain free-form "Info
  Cards." Third parties can create their own object catalog
  templates. The templates included by Apple are user-customizable.
  Virtually everything can be aliased and dragged and dropped. A
  "business card" template allows users to easily maintain a host of
  address and other personal contact information. For example, a
  person's new email address can be added to an existing business
  card in the user's personal catalog by simply dragging it from an
  address list found in a public catalog on a server and dropping it
  on the business card. The Catalog Browser supports multi-language
  sorting.

  The AYS Catalog Server is open ended and content-neutral. Its
  information is easily distributed and replicated across multiple
  servers. Catalog services can be extended by installing extra
  Catalog Managers. Apple will probably support AppleTalk, SMTP
  (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), Unix White Pages, and X.500
  (X/OPEN directory services).

  Catalogs are hierarchically structured and scalable. Folders can
  be distributed and replicated for fault tolerance or backup
  purposes throughout a network but will appear as a single catalog
  on the desktop. After a communications or network failure,
  catalogs automatically update. I asked how conflicts would be
  resolved if the same entry in two (or more) replicated versions of
  a catalog had changed in different ways during a network outage,
  but I did not receive a clear answer. Possibly the most recent
  version of the record will prevail.

  The Catalogs feature also offers an alternative - and eventually a
  replacement - for the networking uses of the Chooser. One of the
  icons in the Catalogs window is an AppleShare icon. When opened,
  other icons become visible for each AppleTalk zone. Inside those
  are icons for the servers in each zone. These icons may be aliased
  by dragging them to other locations in the catalog structure for
  quicker access to frequently used servers and other entities.


Mail
  The second PowerTalk desktop icon is the Mail icon. Mail provides
  a universal in box. It receives mail from any and all email
  services via SAMs [generally provided by third parties -Adam] that
  automatically convert file formats. Other SAMs list incoming faxes
  and voicemail. Networked users can send files to each other's
  computers by dropping icons on the entries in a Catalog listing.
  If the recipient's machine is not turned on, the file will remain
  on the server until it can be forwarded.

  Apple provides good sorting and filtering capabilities for the
  universal in box, but the real idea is that third-parties will
  develop intelligent agents that can preprocess and display the
  contents according to personal needs and desires. For example, an
  agent may assign priority and project tags based on the contents
  of the messages or might recognize a request for a reprint and
  automatically forward it appropriately.

  The AppleTalk-based PowerTalk Mail Server is designed for high
  performance, and can handle 8,000 messages per hour. It includes
  options for message encryption and authentication, and
  accommodates server-based gateways. A visitor's mailbox feature
  allows installation of multiple mailboxes on a desktop.

  AppleMail is a bare-bones program, and users will be able to
  directly send mail from every PowerTalk savvy application via
  Apple's application integration mailer, but again, Apple expects
  third parties to provide alternative mailers. CE Software, for
  example, has promised to ship a PowerTalk version of QuickMail
  within 60 days after Apple ships PowerTalk. CE also is working on
  QuickMailBar, an API developers can use to incorporate QuickMail
  addressing and action buttons into any document. The PowerTalk
  version of QuickMail will be able to use the AOCE mail transport
  but probably will also come with a SAM for the native QuickMail
  transport. CE Software recently spent 15 programmer-years
  rewriting its transport and making it "rock solid" for QuickMail
  2.6 and future versions, according to Ned Horvath, Director of
  CE's Network Products Team. Contrary to Sidhu's optimism, CE
  expects some customer sites to take several years to switch to
  AOCE, and plans to provide continued support for several mail
  transports.


Key Chain
  The Key Chain is the third new Desktop icon and perhaps the most
  important PowerTalk feature. It provides quick, transparent access
  to any number of password-protected servers or services through a
  single system-wide logon password. All applications and services
  are integrated with a single security model. For every service,
  the user creates a key. Each key has account information,
  communications settings (such as. modem settings, addresses, and
  system identifiers), and an encrypted password. After this one-
  time setup, the user attaches the key to the Key Chain and can
  forget the password. From now on, the system will automatically
  and transparently connect to the protected service when needed.

  Apple feels that this mechanism is especially secure since a user
  will find it easier to remember a single, frequently-used password
  and will be less likely to write down a list of passwords. At any
  time, you can lock the Key Chain by issuing a command or through
  an inactivity time-out. When the Key Chain locks, all windows
  containing information from protected services are hidden.

  Apple claims that PowerTalk is more secure than most other off-
  the-shelf software solutions since those use less secure
  algorithms to avoid export restrictions. Apple is the first
  company to receive an export license for a DES-based product.

  A new "I am at..." menu item (e.g. Home, Office, Car, Hotel) lets
  the system know which services are accessible and automatically
  resets communications settings for Ethernet, modem connection,
  packet radio, etc. so the system can continue to transparently
  establish connections over available media.

  A PowerTalk server can act as a trusted party in establishing
  authenticated communications across the net. Network traffic is
  encrypted with the RC4 algorithm of RSA and delivered via ASDSP
  (Apple Secure Datastream Protocol). ASDSP adds only about ten
  percent to the communication overhead. At least in the initial
  release, peer-to-peer traffic cannot be encrypted. [Sorry for all
  the acronyms! RSA is a company. -Tonya]

  Digital signatures, based on RSA Public Key Encryption, provide a
  secure way of ensuring data has not been altered and was signed by
  a particular person. The mechanism is similar to Kerberos [a
  security system developed at MIT -Adam], which was not mature
  enough at the critical point in PowerTalk development. Apple
  anticipates supporting Kerberos in a future PowerTalk release.

  To sign a document, simply drops it on a Signer icon. A prompt for
  the personal signer code then appears on the screen. If the
  content of the signed document later changes in any way, the
  signature becomes invalid. While being signed, a file
  automatically is locked to avoid inadvertent invalidation. The Get
  Info window of a signed file is used to uncheck the file lock, and
  it contains a Verify button with which the recipient can assert
  the integrity of the file and authenticity of its signature.

  Large companies can become trusted signature issuing agents for
  their employees by obtaining a titanium blackbox with key
  interlocks from RSA. The box contains a certain number of key
  combinations and can be connected to a Macintosh which runs an
  RSA-signed signature issuing application. Individuals can acquire
  a personal signature code through a notary. RSA always is at the
  root of the issuing process and signatures expire after two years.
  The issuing cost of a digital signature runs about $25.

  One limitation of the signature mechanism, at least in the initial
  implementation, is that only one signature can be attached to a
  document. This may be worked around by designing forms such that
  each signatory vouches for the authenticity of the previous
  sender's signature.


Other Technologies
  PowerTalk complements AppleScript and AppleSearch to form a
  powerful information processing environment. Non-programmers can
  create highly sophisticated workflow applications in a fraction of
  the time previously required.

  PowerTalk works synergistically with the voice recognition, speech
  synthesis, and video-conferencing capabilities in the new AV Macs.
  Once the new printing architecture in QuickDraw GX becomes
  available and third parties rewrite Chooser devices for the
  PowerTalk Catalog, many common operations will not only be more
  consistent, intuitive, and easier to learn, but also will give the
  user more control over the end product.


Reviews/27-Sep-93
-----------------

* MacWEEK -- 20-Sep-93, Vol. 7, #37
    Lotus Notes 3.0 -- pg. 1
    Quadra 840AV -- pg. 46
    Graphical Query Language 3.1 -- pg. 52

* InfoWorld -- 20-Sep-93, Vol. 15, #38
    MacWrite Pro 1.0 -- pg. 102


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